Risk to residents, infrastructure, and water bodies from flash floods and sediment transport

Bauer, Miroslav; Dostál, Tomáš; Krása, J.; Jáchymová, Barbora; David, Václav; Devátý, Jan; Strouhal, Luděk; Rosendorf, Pavel

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7216-7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The study area for this work is in the lower part of the Darby Creek, near Philadelphia, PA (Figure 1). The creek with its alluvial deposits passes through a fully urbanized floodplain subject to frequent flooding [39] where the flashiness of the flow has the potential to impact the lives of local residents significantly [40]. The segment of the river focused on in this study runs from Mt.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Dimensional Model for Backwater Geomorphology: Darby Creek, PA

Hosseiny

Smith

2019

Water

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Predicting morphological alterations in backwater zones has substantial merit as it potentially influences the life of millions of people by the change in flood dynamics and land topography. While there is no two-dimensional river model available for predicting morphological alterations in backwater zones, there is an absolute need for such models. This study presents an integrated iterative two-dimensional fluvial morphological model to quantify spatio-temporal fluvial morphological alterations in normal flow to backwater conditions. The integrated model works through the following steps iteratively to derive geomorphic change: (1) iRIC model is used to generate a 2D normal water surface; (2) a 1D water surface is developed for the backwater;(3) the normal and backwater surfaces are integrated; (4) an analytical 2D model is established to estimate shear stresses and morphological alterations in the normal, transitional, and backwater zones. The integrated model generates a new digital elevation model based on the estimated erosion and deposition. The resultant topography then serves as the starting point for the next iteration of flow, ultimately modeling geomorphic changes through time. This model was tested on Darby Creek in Metro-Philadelphia, one of the most flood-prone urban areas in the US and the largest freshwater marsh in Pennsylvania.the river increases gradually upstream to form a smooth transition between a quasi-normal flow and standing water, forcing an alteration of the hydraulic conditions. The segment of the river affected by this response-which might exceed hundreds of kilometers in low slope rivers-is called the backwater zone [12].The shift in BW hydraulics causes the water surface slope to decrease independent of the bed slope, resulting in a gradual longitudinal alteration of the flow depth and velocity [13]. The vertical velocity distribution in BW conditions is less divergent compared to the one in a uniform flow [14]. These changes in the hydraulics of the vertical and horizontal flow velocity in BW zones consequently alter the sediment transport processes.Current approaches to BW in morphological studies are primarily based on either measured or estimated hydraulic parameters coupled with the estimated sediment transport [9,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The studies of sediment transport in BW conditions are scarce due to the complex dynamics of the sediment transport in BW zones and the lack of field-measured data. The presence of the BW complicates different types of hydrometric measurements including the water surface slope, velocity, and discharge [19]. A lack in measured data is even more severe for transitional areas where the flow state changes from normal to a gradually varied flow [18]. Nittrouer et al. used measured cross sections in the lower Mississippi River to back calculate velocity, shear stress and sediment discharge [22]. They concluded that where the flow transitions to the BW zone, the cross-sectional area increases in the downstream in low-moderate flows, resultin...

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Dimensional Model for Backwater Geomorphology: Darby Creek, PA

Hosseiny

Smith

2019

Water

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“…High rainfall also makes the ground condition saturated so that it has the potential to cause flooding. The heavy rainfall rates (around 3000 mm/year) may result in sediment transport and floods, and debris flows [33]- [35].…”

Section: Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Characteristics of Cipeles Watershed to Identify Flood Prone Area

Rendra

Sukiyah

2021

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Cipeles watershed is located on Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. This research aims to identify the flood-prone area in the Cipeles Watershed based on morphometric characteristics. This research was conducted through studio analysis using Map Info and Global Mapper software and mathematical calculations. The data used in this research are stream network and topography. Digital Elevation Model was used to analyze the slope of the research area. Morphometric aspects used in the mathematical calculations consist of Drainage density, Drainage texture, Ratio of circularity, Ratio of elongation, and Form factor. The research area is a hilly area with high relief and a very steep-slightly steep slope in the west and south, relatively gentle in the middle to the east of the research area. It consists of parallel, subparallel, subradial, rectangular, dendritic, and subdendritic drainage patterns. Cipeles watershed has 38 subwatersheds with predominantly very elongated-circular shape and very coarse-coarse texture. The research area has relatively high rainfall that potentially causes flooding, especially downstream of the Cpl_10, Cpl_11, Cpl_12, Cpl_13, Cpl_14, Cpl_15, Cpl_16, and Cpl_17 subwatersheds. The research area is classified into low and moderate risk levels of flood potential. The low-risk level is located in Tanjungsari and Rancakalong district. The moderate risk level is located in North Sumedang, South Sumedang, Situraja, and Cimalaka district. The results showed that quantitative research could be used to identify flood prone area. It is recommended that the Cipeles Watershed can be well maintained through integrated watershed management and land use management.

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“…Specifically, phosphorus-rich and pollutant-bound particulate matter from arable land is associated with the eutrophication and contamination of water courses Laceby et al, 2021). Extreme erosion events in agricultural fields are also linked to the occurrence of muddy floods (Boardman, 2020) and to damages to downstream infrastructure (Bauer et al, 2019). Therefore, understanding P. V. G. Batista et al: A CM-based sediment connectivity assessment for patchy agricultural catchments how and when sediment is transferred from agricultural fields to different landscape compartments is imperative to reduce off-site erosion impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual-model-based sediment connectivity assessment for patchy agricultural catchments

Batista

Fiener

Scheper

et al. 2022

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The accelerated sediment supply from agricultural soils to riverine and lacustrine environments leads to negative off-site consequences. In particular, the sediment connectivity from agricultural land to surface waters is strongly affected by landscape patchiness and the linear structures that separate field parcels (e.g. roads, tracks, hedges, and grass buffer strips). Understanding the interactions between these structures and sediment transfer is therefore crucial for minimising off-site erosion impacts. Although soil erosion models can be used to understand lateral sediment transport patterns, model-based connectivity assessments are hindered by the uncertainty in model structures and input data. Specifically, the representation of linear landscape features in numerical soil redistribution models is often compromised by the spatial resolution of the input data and the quality of the process descriptions. Here we adapted the Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model (WaTEM/SEDEM) using high-resolution spatial data (2 m × 2 m) to analyse the sediment connectivity in a very patchy mesoscale catchment (73 km2) of the Swiss Plateau. We used a global sensitivity analysis to explore model structural assumptions about how linear landscape features (dis)connect the sediment cascade, which allowed us to investigate the uncertainty in the model structure. Furthermore, we compared model simulations of hillslope sediment yields from five subcatchments to tributary sediment loads, which were calculated with long-term water discharge and suspended sediment measurements. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the assumptions about how the road network (dis)connects the sediment transfer from field blocks to water courses had a much higher impact on modelled sediment yields than the uncertainty in model parameters. Moreover, model simulations showed a higher agreement with tributary sediment loads when the road network was assumed to directly connect sediments from hillslopes to water courses. Our results ultimately illustrate how a high-density road network combined with an effective drainage system increases sediment connectivity from hillslopes to surface waters in agricultural landscapes. This further highlights the importance of considering linear landscape features and model structural uncertainty in soil erosion and sediment connectivity research.

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Risk to residents, infrastructure, and water bodies from flash floods and sediment transport

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Two Dimensional Model for Backwater Geomorphology: Darby Creek, PA

Two Dimensional Model for Backwater Geomorphology: Darby Creek, PA

Morphometric Characteristics of Cipeles Watershed to Identify Flood Prone Area

A conceptual-model-based sediment connectivity assessment for patchy agricultural catchments

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