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In particular, the concept of a risk society, which is the return of the modern era, is also a fact of today's society. In the face of risk society, nation-states are no longer singular individuals. In this context, nation-states should be able to eliminate risks that may arise in mutual coordination. Integration theories that can be applied on a regional and global scale have been created by various researchers throughout history for this situation. One of these approaches, functionalism, was created by David Mitrany in the Post-World War II period. Mitrany proposes that with this approach, called functionalism, an international security environment can be achieved based on the idea of intergovernmental functional organizations specializing in this field. The aim of this study was to explain the concept of functionalism identified with Mitrany and the concepts of risk society identified with Ulrich Beck and to address their relationship with each other. In this context, both concepts are explained in detail in the first two parts of the study. In the third part of the study, the Covid-19 epidemic in which the world is already located is presented as an example of the risk society, and the World Health Organization (WHO) is an intergovernmental organization, as an example of a functionalism approach. The relationship between the Covid-19 outbreak and the WHO samples and the two approaches to each other is the main focus of the study. During the study, a detailed literature review was conducted and related concepts were explained, and descriptive research technique was selected as the main method. As a result of the study, it was found that the ability of nation-states to ensure their national security in the face of potential risks that may arise ceases to be a situation that can be done alone. Nation-states must now interact with each other and ensure international and national security in common coordination. As a result, national security and international security are integrated in the risk society.
In particular, the concept of a risk society, which is the return of the modern era, is also a fact of today's society. In the face of risk society, nation-states are no longer singular individuals. In this context, nation-states should be able to eliminate risks that may arise in mutual coordination. Integration theories that can be applied on a regional and global scale have been created by various researchers throughout history for this situation. One of these approaches, functionalism, was created by David Mitrany in the Post-World War II period. Mitrany proposes that with this approach, called functionalism, an international security environment can be achieved based on the idea of intergovernmental functional organizations specializing in this field. The aim of this study was to explain the concept of functionalism identified with Mitrany and the concepts of risk society identified with Ulrich Beck and to address their relationship with each other. In this context, both concepts are explained in detail in the first two parts of the study. In the third part of the study, the Covid-19 epidemic in which the world is already located is presented as an example of the risk society, and the World Health Organization (WHO) is an intergovernmental organization, as an example of a functionalism approach. The relationship between the Covid-19 outbreak and the WHO samples and the two approaches to each other is the main focus of the study. During the study, a detailed literature review was conducted and related concepts were explained, and descriptive research technique was selected as the main method. As a result of the study, it was found that the ability of nation-states to ensure their national security in the face of potential risks that may arise ceases to be a situation that can be done alone. Nation-states must now interact with each other and ensure international and national security in common coordination. As a result, national security and international security are integrated in the risk society.
Covid-19 salgını, küresel sağlık krizi olması sebebiyle tıp alanının konusu olduğu akla ilk gelse de sebep ve sonuçlarıyla güçlü sosyolojik boyutlara sahiptir. Çalışmada küresel bir felaket olması ile ilk kez deneyimlenen, etkisi uzun yıllar süreceği tahmin edilen, toplumsal tüm alanlara olumsuz etkisi ile geleceğe yönelik belirsizlikler içeren, Covid-19 salgınını anlamak için Sosyolog Ulrick Beck'in risk toplumu teorisi incelenmiştir. Beck, yayınlandığından beri büyük ilgi gören teorisinde, sanayi toplumunun risk toplumuna dönüşüm sürecini, risk toplumu olmanın ne anlama geldiğini, bu süreçte toplumda yaşanan değişimleri betimlemiştir. Çalışmada Aralık 2019'dan beri küresel düzeyde yaşanan Covid-19 salgını; Beck'in risk toplumu teorisiyle benzeşen ve ayrılan yönleriyle ilişkilendirilerek incelenmiştir. Covid-19 salgınının zoonotik kökeninden başlayıp sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik çoklu etkileri salgın dönemiyle ilişkilendirerek anlatılmıştır. Risk toplumu teorisinin, Covid-19 salgınını açıklamaya yardımcı bir yaklaşım mı olduğu tartışılmıştır. Teoriye göre Covid-19 salgını imal edilmiş bir risk olarak kabul edilebilir. Covid-19 salgınının sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik etkileri risk toplumu teorisiyle uyumluluk göstermektedir.
2019 yılında tespit edilen Koronavirüs küresel bir pandemi haline gelmiştir. Pandemi kapsamı önlemlerinden biri de uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerine geçiştir. Yüz yüze eğitime ara verilip uzaktan eğitime geçilmesi genç nüfusu derinden etkileyen bir olgudur. Özellikle de eğitim öğretim dönemine yeni başlamış olan ilköğretim kademesindeki öğrenciler bu değişime adapte olmakta zorlanmışlardır. Yüz yüze eğitim sisteminin uzaktan eğitim sistemine dönmesi ile öğrenciler sosyalleştikleri, eğitim öğretim gördükleri, farklı toplumsal değerleri kazandıkları okul ortamı, sanal bir ortama taşınmıştır. Sadece internet erişimine sahip araçlar ile çevrimiçi bir biçimde ilerletilen eğitim sistemi uygulamaları sınıfsal ayrımların, eğitimde adalet olgusunun derin aralığının giderek daha da arttırmıştır. Ancak sadece uzaktan eğitim için gerekli araç ve gereçlere sahipliğin yanı sıra çocuğun eğitimine aile içi destek mekanizmaların varlığı ve yokluğu da uçurumu derinleştirmiştir. Benzer biçimde özel okullar ile devlet okulları arasındaki uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının farkları da bu açığın fark edilebilmesi için incelenmesi gereken olgular arasındadır. Bu çalışmada pandemi sürecinde eğitimlerine özel okul ve devlet okulunda devam eden ilköğretim öğrencilerinin karşılaştıkları problemler ve durumlar katılımcı görüşmeleri ışığında incelenmiştir.
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