Risks and Benefits of Point-of-Use Water Filters in Developing Cities: The Case of Cartagena, Colombia

Abstract

Ensuring access to safe drinking water is a persistent public health issue in developing cities, where municipal water supplies may be unreliable or contaminated. Point-of-use (POU) water filters are widely used to improve water quality at the household level, but their effectiveness is influenced by factors such as filter type, performance, and maintenance. This chapter assesses the impact of POU filters on drinking water quality in Cartagena, Colombia, using a risk assessment framework that incorporates social, economic, and technical elements. By analyzing water samples from households, filtered and unfiltered, over a four-month field study, the study utilizes the Water Quality Risk Index (WQRI) to assess associated risks. Results indicate that while Cartagena’s water treatment is generally reliable, improper filter maintenance can sometimes reduce water quality. The study highlights specific risk factors and provides recommendations to improve filter performance and ensure safe drinking water. This chapter provides critical insights for policymakers and public health officials, highlighting the necessity of comprehensive risk assessments and targeted interventions to ensure the safety and sustainability of drinking water in developing urban settings.