Risks and benefits of soil amendment with composts in relation to plant pathogens

Noble, R.

doi:10.1007/s13313-010-0025-7

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…can be suppressed by adding compost to potting media (Ben-Yephet and Nelson 1999;Hoitink and Boehm 1999;Stone et al 2004;Noble and Coventry 2005), but this practice is probably successful because extremely high levels of microbial activity can be achieved in such systems. Suppressive effects tend to be smaller and more variable in the field (Stone et al 2001;Noble and Coventry 2005;Noble 2011) and we concur with that view. Our results suggest that management practices which conserve or enhance the organic matter content of soil will enhance suppressiveness but are unlikely to generate enough biological activity to markedly reduce rhizome rot under conditions that favour the pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Organic inputs, tillage and rotation practices influence soil health and suppressiveness to soilborne pests and pathogens of ginger

Stirling¹,

Smith²,

Smith³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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A field experiment was established in which an amendment of poultry manure and sawdust (200 t/ha) was incorporated into some plots but not others and then a permanent pasture or a sequence of biomass-producing crops was grown with and without tillage, with all biomass being returned to the soil. After 4 years, soil C levels were highest in amended plots, particularly those that had been cropped using minimum tillage, and lowest in nonamended and fallowed plots, regardless of how they had been tilled. When ginger was planted, symphylans caused severe damage to all treatments, indicating that cropping, tillage and organic matter management practices commonly used to improve soil health are not necessarily effective for all crops or soils. During the rotational phase of the experiment, the development of suppressiveness to three key pathogens of ginger was monitored using bioassays. Results for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) indicated that for the first 2 years, amended soil was more suppressive than non-amended soil from the same cropping and tillage treatment, whereas under pasture, the amendment only enhanced suppressiveness in the first year. Suppressiveness was generally associated with higher C levels and enhanced biological activity (as measured by the rate of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and numbers of free-living nematodes). Reduced tillage also enhanced suppressiveness, as gall ratings and egg counts in the second and third years were usually significantly lower in cropped soils under minimum rather than conventional tillage. Additionally, soil that was not disturbed during the process of setting up bioassays was more suppressive than soil which had been gently mixed by hand. Results of bioassays with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi were too inconsistent to draw firm conclusions, but the severity of fusarium yellows was generally higher in fumigated fallow soil than in other treatments, with soil management practices having little impact on disease severity. With regard to Pythium myriotylum, biological factors capable of reducing rhizome rot were present, but were not effective enough to suppress the disease under environmental conditions that were ideal for disease development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Organic inputs, tillage and rotation practices influence soil health and suppressiveness to soilborne pests and pathogens of ginger

Stirling¹,

Smith²,

Smith³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…For untreated plot, clubroot scale value was 5.9 (value ranging from 1-9) whereas it was 5.2 for composted plot. The present findings of highest Disease control for the treatment comprising compost was supported by (Noble, 2011) who found out in an experiment using 79 containers that when the soil was amended with at least 20% v/v compost, 59 containers showed suppressive effect against soil borne pathogens and only 6 showed disease promoting effect of compost amendment. However sufficient literatures on the use of vermicompost (as a specific form of compost) against clubroot disease were not found.…”

Section: Effect On Disease Severity Index (Dsi) and Disease Control Psupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of Cultural and Biological Treatments in Managing Clubroot Disease of Cabbage in Sidhuwa, Nepal

Ghimire¹,

Shrestha²

2019

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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The Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin is an important soil pathogen that attacks brassicaceae family of plants. The ability of pathogen to survive in soil for many years as a resting structure even in the absence of suitable host has increased its threat by making it more devastating. Lower effectiveness of treatments applied so far and failure to completely eradicate the disease once it enters the field has posed more problems. The study was conducted at a disease infected field in Sidhuwa, Dhankuta. It was focused on the effectiveness of different cultural and biological treatments against clubroot disease under field conditions. The treatments; lime, combination of lime and vermicompost, Effective Microorganisms (EM) solution and Trichoderma viride were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times. The yield and yield attributing parameters and clubroot scale were recorded at the time of harvest. Values like Disease Incidence, Disease Severity Index and Disease Control Percentage were calculated based on clubroot scale value. The treatments showed no significant influence on vegetative parameters of the plants and on disease incidence. However, the combined treatment of lime and vermicompost was found to be most effective regarding disease severity and disease control i.e. the least Disease Severity Index (31.25%) and highest Disease Control Percentage (50.94%) compared to the control were obtained from the combined treatment of lime and vermicompost. Effective Microorganisms showed the highest disease severity. The combination of lime and vermicompost used as a treatment yielded highest marketable head weight (1.779 kg) and head diameter (19.90 cm).

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“…Sclerotium rolfsii is a facultative parasitic fungus that grows and survives saprophytes in the soil. According to Noble (2011) and Zachow et al (2011), this fungus attack is more severe in sandy soils because the S. rolfsii fungus requires aerobic oxygen (O2), and in soil conditions with low nitrogen content and high temperatures. Therefore, another alternative is needed to control the stem rot disease such as using fungicides (Bhuiyan et al, 2012;El-Mohamedy et al, 2014), organic amendments (Hadar, 2011;Lahre et al, 2012;Paramasivan et al, 2013), soil solarization (Raj and Sharma, 2009;Lee et al, 2016), botanical pesticides (Amin et al, 29013), rhizobacteria (Hapsah, 2019), and bio-agents (Rakh et al, 2011;Lahre et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 Alone or in Combination Against Stem Rot of Pakcoy

2019

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Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 alone or in combination in suppressing stem rot of pakcoy and on pakcoy growth has been demonstrated. The research was carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory and Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. A split-plot design was used with application time (before and after inoculation of Sclerotium rolfsii) as main plot and Bio P60, Bio T10, and Bio P60 + Bio T10) as sub-plot. Observed variables were incubation period, disease intensity, crop height, number of leaves, and crop fresh weight. Results of the research showed that single and combined application of Bio T10 and Bio P60 did not differ in the suppression of stem-end rot in pakcoy. The combination of Bio T10 + Bio P60 was able to control the disease by delaying the incubation period and suppressing the disease intensity respectively by 37.48-39.16% and 54.77-6191% compared to controls. Combined Bio T10 + Bio P60 was able to improve plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants as 29.99-46.62, 24.39-35.07, and 71,17%, respectively, compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that the raw secondary metabolites of Bio P60 and Bio T10 either alone or in combination could be applied for the prevention or treatment of the diseases in pakcoy.

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Risks and benefits of soil amendment with composts in relation to plant pathogens

Abstract: The supply of composts has increased in many countries due to the enforced diversion from landfill of organic biodegradable wastes.

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Organic inputs, tillage and rotation practices influence soil health and suppressiveness to soilborne pests and pathogens of ginger

Organic inputs, tillage and rotation practices influence soil health and suppressiveness to soilborne pests and pathogens of ginger

Effect of Cultural and Biological Treatments in Managing Clubroot Disease of Cabbage in Sidhuwa, Nepal

Application of Bio P60 and Bio T10 Alone or in Combination Against Stem Rot of Pakcoy

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