Risks and benefits of transfusion for children with severe anemia in Africa

Brick, Thomas; Peters, Mark

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-68

“…Second, for the two studies [ 15 , 16 ] that reported separate data for transfused and non-transfused children, we examined the individual case fatality rates for these groups in order to justify the exclusion of transfused subjects. These analyses were performed because blood transfusion is a potentially lifesaving intervention [ 17 ] that improves Hb and, thus, could modify the risk relation in which we were interested. Third, for the one study [ 18 ] that reported data for groups of children who were aparasitemic, parasitemic and parasitemic with malaria, we evaluated the risk relation separately for each of these groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Anemia on Child Mortality: An Updated Review

Scott

¹

,

Chen-Edinboro

²

,

Caulfield

³

et al. 2014

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Iron deficiency anemia and child mortality are public health problems requiring urgent attention. However, the degree to which iron deficiency anemia contributes to child mortality is unknown. Here, we utilized an exhaustive article search and screening process to identify articles containing both anemia and mortality data for children aged 28 days to 12 years. We then estimated the reduction in risk of mortality associated with a 1-g/dL increase in hemoglobin (Hb). Our meta-analysis of nearly 12,000 children from six African countries revealed a combined odds ratio of 0.76 (0.62–0.93), indicating that for each 1-g/dL increase in Hb, the risk of death falls by 24%. The feasibility of a 1-g/dL increase in Hb has been demonstrated via simple iron supplementation strategies. Our finding suggests that ~1.8 million deaths in children aged 28 days to five years could be avoided each year by increasing Hb in these children by 1 g/dL.

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“…It has a connection with immunological factors, genetic factors, and neurological issues in general. Vitiligo has been linked to autoimmune and endocrine problems in a few cases [8,9]. The disease is a refractory disease with a protracted and difficult treatment cycle, whereas patients with a brief disease phase have an optimal therapeutic outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Effect of Microneedle Injection Combined with Blood Transfusion in the Treatment of Severe Anemia Complicated with Vitiligo under Regenerative Medical Technology

He¹,

Gong

²

2022

BioMed Research International

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To explore the clinical efficacy of microneedle injection combined with blood transfusion in the treatment of severe anemia complicated with vitiligo based on regenerative medical technology and provide the theoretical basis for the adoption of microneedle technology, 60 patients with severe anemia complicated with vitiligo were selected as research objects. With 15 patients in each group, they were randomly assigned to the control group (calcipotriol ointment external application), observation group A (external application of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO), observation group B (external application of MEBO combined with blood transfusion), and observation group C (microneedle injection of MEBO combined with blood transfusion). Blood indexes and plaque recovery of patients in different periods were detected. The total protein (TP) content in group C ( 62.3 ± 3.3 g/L and 64.3 ± 2.88 g/L) was remarkably higher than that in the control group ( 51.3 ± 3.17 g/L and 52.4 ± 3.17 g/L) and group A ( 52.6 ± 2.91 g/L and 51.8 ± 2.98 g/L)) at the 5th and 7th weeks after the treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The albumin (ALB) content in group C ( 42.9 ± 3.28 g/L and 45.3 ± 3.1 g/L) was signally higher than that in the control group ( 41.8 ± 3.44 g/L and 41.9 ± 3.23 g/L) and group A ( 41.3 ± 2.91 g/L and 42.1 ± 3.02 g/L) at the 5th and 7th weeks after the treatment, and the content was markedly higher than that in group B at 5th week ( P < 0.05 ). The wound healing rates of group C at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th weeks after the treatment (38.44%, 56.6%, and 90.23%) were greatly higher than those of the control group, group A, and group B ( P < 0.05 ). Besides, the wound healing rate of group B was higher than that of the control group and group A (40.3% and 75.8%) at the 5th and 7th weeks after the treatment ( P < 0.05 ). To sum up, based on regenerative medical technology, microneedle injection (microneedling is a derma roller process that pricks the skin with minuscule needles. The goal of the treatment is to develop new collagen and skin tissue, resulting in skin that is smoother, firmer, and more toned) combined with blood transfusion had a good therapeutic effect on patients with severe anemia complicated with vitiligo, which could manifestly improve the blood indexes and skin plaques of patients, with a good clinical adoption effect.

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“…the period between the donor's infection and the appearance of infection markers in his blood. This is also due to fact that detecting the disease during this time is im-possible [55,60]. Blood-borne pathogens also include Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or protozoa of the genus Babesia [61][62][63].…”

Section: Complications After Transfusion Of Blood and Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-infectious serious hazards of transfusion (NISHOTs) are usually complications fol-lowing transfusion of blood products in neonates. In neonatal intensive care units, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and abnormal development of the nervous system have been observed most frequently [60,29]. Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) particularly affects extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates and 5% of neonates born prematurely.…”

Section: Complications After Transfusion Of Blood and Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of blood and its components in the treatment of anaemia in children

Bernat

¹

,

Jaworska-Lewtak

²

,

Kowalska-Kępczyńska

³

2022

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

0

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Blood transfusion is a well-established treatment for anaemia. Herein, blood and its components are transfused to replenish circulating blood volume, maintain the oxygen capacity of the blood and normalise the function of the coagulation system. Anaemia treatment by blood transfusions is a great challenge, especially with reference to paediatric patients. Blood is irreplaceable in a life-threatening situation, but it has its own side effects, just like all applied pharmacological products. Hence, it is extremely important to carefully select donors and utilise blood components according to the patient’s individual needs. Children represent a group that requires specific criteria to be met, mainly because of the fact that their physiological and haematological systems differ from those of adults. The most common types of anaemia seen in children are deficiency anaemias such as iron-deficiency anaemia, while less common are vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia or folate deficiency anaemia. Secondary anaemia is also relatively frequent in chronic diseases, among others, immunological or infectious, as well as renal, liver, endocrine and neoplastic diseases. Anaemia due to blood loss is also included in this group. Furthermore, some anaemias, such as aplastic anaemia (due to impaired erythrocyte production) and haemolytic anaemia (due to excessive destruction of red blood cells) may be congenital or acquired. Before deciding to implement blood therapy, the patient’s clinical condition or the different haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters at different stages of life should be considered. Since each transfusion may result in a variety of post-transfusion reactions, immunisation or transmission of infectious diseases, the decision to transfuse blood or blood components should be taken only when the patient cannot be treated effectively by any other means and the expected benefits of the transfusion outweigh the risks associated with possible complications. Considering the recipients’ low blood volume, low metabolic efficiency, higher haematocrit levels than in adults and immature immune system, products for these patients should be prepared in a special way. These components must ensure minimal risk of metabolic and haemostatic disorders. The collection of these products, as well as their preparation, storage and transfusion, should be carried out in accordance with current legislation.

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Risks and benefits of transfusion for children with severe anemia in Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

The Impact of Anemia on Child Mortality: An Updated Review

The Impact of Anemia on Child Mortality: An Updated Review

Clinical Effect of Microneedle Injection Combined with Blood Transfusion in the Treatment of Severe Anemia Complicated with Vitiligo under Regenerative Medical Technology

Use of blood and its components in the treatment of anaemia in children

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