Risks for Population Health from Atmospheric Air Pollution in the City of Kazan

Abstract

The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk for the population health from chemicals coming from exhaust gases of motor transport citywide and in certain districts of the city of Kazan was performed. The calculation was carried out according to the results of the laboratory and instrumental tests carried out by “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan” for the period from 2010 to 2016. The general toxic effect on the organs of the respiratory system from 42.5% to 62.0% in the city and districts is the result of exposure to the total fraction of total dust (TSP), particulate matter (РМ)10, and РМ2.5. Population risk of the total TSP impact made 1244 cases of additional deaths per year among the city population, apart from external causes. In Vakhitovsky and Sovetsky districts, this index for the whole population made 86 and 281 per year, respectively. The absence of data on the age-specific death rate in the districts did not allow for calculating the given indices for certain age groups. Damage associated with total morbidity of asthma among the cumulative city population caused by the exposure to РМ10 made 486 cases in adults and 67 cases in children per year. Damage from the exposure to РМ2.5 made 332 additional deaths from all causes (14.6%), 1727 from cardiovascular diseases (4.5%), and 18 from respiratory diseases (6.0%). Currently, the assessment of mortality and diseases caused by the air pollution is the starting point for development or correction of regulatory actions in the field of the environmental and the population health protection at regional level.

Community Health Risk Assessment of Total Suspended Particulates near a Cement Plant in Maros Regency, Indonesia

“… 35 Frequent exposure can cause respiratory problems, decreased lung capacity, cardiovascular disease and mortality. 35 , 44 Some studies have shown a relationship between TSP and adverse health effects. 32 Location 5 was an area with the lowest hazard quotient value.…”

Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas

“…Air pollution is a current global problem [1]. Exceeding the permissible emission values for harmful compounds and dust concerns large cities in particular [2][3][4] but also occurs locally in the nearest vicinity of the operated machines [5][6][7]. It is one of the reasons of dysphoria [8,9], loss of physical motion capacity [10], and health damage [11,12], and also contributes to the development of oncological diseases [13] and premature death [14,15].…”