Risks from Ionising Radiation

Chadwick, K.H.; Leenhouts, H.P.

doi:10.1007/174_2011_400

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, although several studies have focused on the potential value of reduced iodine concentration in conjunction with low-kV settings, 56 – 68 numerous factors clearly favour reduced contrast volume rather than lower concentration as a means to reduce the total administered contrast dose. 16 – 23 , 69 – 73 …”

Section: How To Reduce Contrast Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of photons is directly proportional to the applied radiation dose. 23 Conversely, the kVp determines the energy of the photons delivered. A common misconception is that the lower energy of the delivered photons is the reason for the radiation dose reduction potential of low-kVp examinations in CT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Softer X-rays are potentially more biologically damaging and thus have a larger radiation risk than hard X-rays because lower energy X-rays deposit a larger proportion of the dose in the body in the form of track-end electrons. 23 The actual reason the radiation dose is lower at low kVp is that the number of photons generated by the CT tube is considerably lower at low kVp than at higher kVp when the same mAs value is used. 24 This is primarily for technical reasons, such as the lower effectiveness of the tube at low kV (the X-ray tube output is proportional to kVp 2 and thus a reduction from 120 to 100 kVp will result in (100/120) 2 = 0.69, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Low radiation dose in computed tomography: the role of iodine

Aschoff

Catalano

Kirchin

et al. 2017

BJR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent approaches to reducing radiation exposure during CT examinations typically utilize automated dose modulation strategies on the basis of lower tube voltage combined with iterative reconstruction and other dose-saving techniques. Less clearly appreciated is the potentially substantial role that iodinated contrast media (CM) can play in low-radiation-dose CT examinations. Herein we discuss the role of iodinated CM in low-radiation-dose examinations and describe approaches for the optimization of CM administration protocols to further reduce radiation dose and/or CM dose while maintaining image quality for accurate diagnosis. Similar to the higher iodine attenuation obtained at low-tube-voltage settings, high-iodine-signal protocols may permit radiation dose reduction by permitting a lowering of mAs while maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly feasible in first pass examinations where high iodine signal can be achieved by injecting iodine more rapidly. The combination of low kV and IR can also be used to reduce the iodine dose. Here, in optimum contrast injection protocols, the volume of CM administered rather than the iodine concentration should be reduced, since with high-iodine-concentration CM further reductions of iodine dose are achievable for modern first pass examinations. Moreover, higher concentrations of CM more readily allow reductions of both flow rate and volume, thereby improving the tolerability of contrast administration.

show abstract

Section: How To Reduce Contrast Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low radiation dose in computed tomography: the role of iodine

Aschoff

Catalano

Kirchin

et al. 2017

BJR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, each medical radiation exposure adds to the total accumulated dose of exposure, which Is in turn directly proportional to the risk of radiation-induced cancer, owing to both their deterministic and stochastic effects. [4] . These effects are further acknowledged by the American College of Radiology in their white paper view, which states "The rapid growth of CT and certain nuclear medicine studies may result in an increased incidence of radiationrelated cancer in the not-too-distant future".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The main reason for this is studies linking the increased risk of cancers to even low doses of ionizing radiation. [4] With growing advances in technology, radiological imaging has become an inevitable part of medical management. According to RCR, radiology investigation requests must be legibly and completely filled so that the radiologist is provided with adequate information to justify the investigationfailing to do so results in the rejection of imaging requests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of Radiological Investigation Requests from Medical Wards, to Royal College of Radiologists’ Guidelines

Varma

2023

Int J Res Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Radiological investigation requests get rejected by vetting radiologists, if they do not adhere to Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) guidelines and Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations - IR(ME)R 2017 guidelines. This leads to significant delays for all three parties involved: the requesting clinician, the radiologist who vets the investigation, and the patient whose management is affected. Hence radiological investigation requests, which are the main means of communication between the referring clinician and the radiologist, should be appropriately filled in to facilitate the justification process and to optimize patient management. Aims/purpose: To evaluate the adherence of radiological investigation requests of inpatients from medical wards at University Hospitals of Leicester, to RCR guidelines and identify improvement areas, thereby reducing preventable patient delays. Methods: Data from 500 investigation requests of adult inpatients for common modalities of imaging (CT, X-Ray, and MRI) from medical wards at University Hospitals of Leicester were collected across two audit cycles, omitting any patient-identifiable information, and were analyzed for their completeness and adherence to RCR protocols. Results: Based on the analysis, inadequacies of imaging requests were identified, both in completion and adherence to RCR guidelines. In the initial audit cycle, even though more than 90% of the 250 investigation requests analysed contained clinical history, the name of requesting clinician and the question to be answered, only 64% of the investigation requests contained clinical examination or relevant investigation findings. In comparison to more than 94% of MRI and X-Ray requests, only 68.6% of CT requests adhered to RCR and IR(ME)R 2017 guidelines. In order to raise awareness and educate, the audit findings and recommendations were presented in a local medical teaching session within the hospital, and the same was propagated among medical doctors, through an online flyer. During the re-audit, another 250 radiological investigation requests were evaluated, where 73.3% of the requests included relevant clinical examination and/or investigation results and 76% of the CT requests adhered to iRefer guidelines for indication. Conclusion: Radiological investigation requests get rejected if it does not adhere to RCR guidelines for completeness (1) or indication (in compliance with IR(ME)R 2017)(3). This in turn results in delays in patient management. This could be minimized by increasing awareness about the above guidelines and the need for adhering to the same, thereby making sure all the necessary details are filled in and the investigation being requested is appropriate for the clinical indication. Keywords: Radiology, Audit, Medicine.

show abstract

Risks from Ionising Radiation

Cited by 2 publications

References 99 publications

Low radiation dose in computed tomography: the role of iodine

Low radiation dose in computed tomography: the role of iodine

Adherence of Radiological Investigation Requests from Medical Wards, to Royal College of Radiologists’ Guidelines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About