Risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability in children delivered by caesarean section: A population-based cohort study

Maternal pre-pregnancy and prenatal penicillin, neonatal inflammation and growth factors are associated to ADHD in the offspring

“…Cesarean delivery has been associated to an increased risk for ADHD in the offspring ( Lin et al, 2022 ). We have previously, in an earlier CODIBINE study comparing biomarkers after different delivery modes, found that it is not the cesarean delivery in itself, but the labor process (pre- or in-labor), that changes the levels of biomarkers ( Kiilerich et al, 2020 ).…”

Correlation analysis of maternal condition during pregnancy with head circumference and autism spectrum disorder: A propensity score-matched study

“…These factors include maternal age at delivery, educational background, parental history of autoimmune diseases, gestational age, delivery method, and pregnancy complications such as infection, anemia, thyroid dysfunction, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Prior research has reported a correlation between maternal age at delivery, [ 39 ] educational background, [ 40 ] parental history of autoimmune diseases, [ 41 , 42 ] gestational age, [ 39 , 43 ] delivery method, [ 44 ] pregnancy complications, [ 43 ] and ASD in offspring, while some studies contradict these findings. [ 45 – 47 ] However, these disparate results might stem from the small number of cases analyzed in some investigations and differences in racial backgrounds.…”