Risks of Stigmatisation Resulting from Assistive Technologies for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Assistive technologies (ATs) are currently being developed for cohorts of vulnerable people, including persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper focuses on the risks that the development of ATs for persons with ASD might lead to increased risks of stigmatisation. Firstly, we assess the ways in which the use of ATs might result in the stigmatisation of users, alongside the corollary question of risks associated with a refusal to use ATs in the event of their being socially expected. Secondly, we focus on the question of whether the "project" of developing ATs for persons with ASD is itself stigmatising, and whether the "project" risks stigmatising persons with ASD by offering "cures".

Employees With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Digitized Work Environment: Perspectives for the Future

“…To avoid this risk, AT developers need to focus on designing the devices to make them as discreet as possible. At the same time, adapting already existing technologies for assistive purposes (e.g., smartphones, tablets; O’Brolcháin & Gordijn, 2018) in order to diminish potential stigma (Parette & Scherer, 2004). The major advantages of mobile devices as smartphones and tablets are that they are portable, can take/record, store and display pictures and videos, have become more and more affordable and accessible, and can be successfully used by people of different ages and cognitive abilities requiring different levels of support (Pérez-Fuster et al, 2019).…”

“…The major advantages of mobile devices as smartphones and tablets are that they are portable, can take/record, store and display pictures and videos, have become more and more affordable and accessible, and can be successfully used by people of different ages and cognitive abilities requiring different levels of support (Pérez-Fuster et al, 2019). Thirdly, another difficulty which may occur during the AT implementation process is the possibility of refusal or reluctance to use them (O’Brolcháin & Gordijn, 2018). However, it is worth believing that people with ASD will be able to consciously decide to use AT.…”

“…The work environment adjustments can be implemented by modifying equipment and devices and providing facilities usable and accessible by persons with disabilities (G. E. Jones, 1997), with use of assistive (or adaptive) technology which includes products or equipment that are used to maintain, increase, or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities (O’Brolcháin & Gordijn, 2018). The AT is used in order to maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and independence, as well as to facilitate participation and to enhance overall well-being (World Health Organization, 2019).…”

How can the work environment be redesigned to enhance the well-being of individuals with autism?

“…Fortunately, the cost of purchasing technological devices decreased over time and became more accessible in recent years (Seaman and Cannella-Malone, 2016). Another way to reduce the costs is adapting already existing technologies available for the general population for assistive purposes (O'Brolchain and Gordijn, 2018). The next important risk is a potential threat of stigma of AT users (Parette and Scherer, 2004) based on their ties with the technology products (Silvers, 2011).…”

Autistic Employees’ Technology-Based Workplace Accommodation Preferences Survey—Preliminary Findings

“…Additionally, there is a risk of stigmatization of assistive technology users [58,59]. Finally, there may be challenges in accepting the technological solutions proposed by users [60]. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of the above risks, the implementation of technology in the process of inclusion of neurodivergent people should first be preceded by an in-depth analysis of the needs of individual employees on each job, in terms of the need for specific support solutions, such as those that improve communication, work organization, or reduce stimuli.…”