Risks of water-borne disease outbreaks after extreme events

Marcheggiani, Stefania; Puccinelli, Camilla; Ciadamidaro, Simone; Bella, Valentina Della; Carere, Mario; Blasi, Monica Francesca; Pacini, Nic; Funari, Enzo; Mancini, Laura

doi:10.1080/02772240903252140

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Overall, the risk of infectious disease following flooding is context-specific, differs between countries, and is dependent upon a number of synergistic factors. Outbreaks of leptospirosis and diarrheal diseases following flooding have been documented in Europe 18,24,28,29,34,36,38,[41][42][43] but the evidence of increased incidence of vector-borne diseases following flooding is lacking because the time lag before onset can be several months. 68 Past studies have indicated possible associations between vector-borne diseases and flooding in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intense precipitation can mobilize pathogens in the environment and transport them into the aquatic environment, increasing the microbiological agents on surface water. [17][18][19][20] Chen et al 21 found extreme torrential rain (> 350 mm) was a significant risk factor for enteroviruses (RR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.474-23.760) and bacillary dysentery (RR = 7.703; 95% CI 5.008-11.849). Globally, water-borne epidemics have shown an increasing trend from 1980-2006 which coincides with the increasing number of flood events.…”

Section: Water-bornementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Several studies have implicated excess rainfall in water-borne disease outbreaks because of the transportation of bacteria, parasites, and viruses into water systems. Marcheggiani et al 18 showed a potential association between flood events and a range of water-borne infectious diseases in Italy; including, legionellosis, salmonellosis, hepatitis A, and infectious diarrhea. Reacher et al 28 performed a historical cohort study following a severe flood in 2000 in Lewes, Both climatic and non-climatic impacts, such as land-use dynamics, are expected to influence future flooding in Europe.…”

Section: Water-bornementioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe

Brown

Murray

2013

Disaster Health

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Introduction Many infectious diseases are sensitive to climatic changes; specifically, flooding. This systematic literature review aimed to strengthen the quality and completeness of evidence on infectious diseases following flooding, relevant to Europe.Methods A systematic literature review from 2004–2012 was performed. Focused searches of the following databases were conducted: Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Evidence Aid. Personal communications with key informants were also reviewed.Results Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggested that water-borne, rodent-borne, and vector-borne diseases have been associated with flooding in Europe, although at a lower incidence than developing countries.Conclusion Disease surveillance and early warning systems, coupled with effective prevention and response capabilities, can reduce current and future vulnerability to infectious diseases following flooding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water-bornementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water-bornementioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe

Brown

Murray

2013

Disaster Health

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“…This high contact rate can be a major driver for continuous endemicity and perpetuation of hepatitis-A in the given state. If no meaningful changes are set into action in order to provide minimum sanitation condition to the population, not only the disease will persist over time, but also an epidemic outburst is also prone to happen (Marcheggiani et al, 2010;WHO, 2017b). The annual HAV vaccination percentage per municipality for Pará state is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Year Municipalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as climate change causes modifications in frequency and intensity of weather events, and consequently often trigger heat waves, floods, and droughts -which are expected to intensify as a result of unmitigated climate change (WHO, 2009a), hepatitis-A transmission can also be affected by it. Finally, given the tendency of severe impacts being mostly felt by children, the poor and women (WHO, 2011b), new healthcare policies and strategies should be made to encompass gender differences in the disease's transmission (Marcheggiani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of Hepatitis-a virus transmission in the state of Pará, Brazil

Leal

Kampel

Guimarães

2020

Preprint

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The hepatitis-A virus (HAV) is a worldwide healthcare problem, mainly affecting countries with poor sanitation and socioeconomic conditions. Spatio-temporal analyses have become an important scientific asset for identifying the clustering of disease infection, providing support for planning interventions and control strategies. This study aims to determine the spatio-temporal variability of HAV infection and related population-based demographic factors in a endemic region. The selected area of study was Pará state, Brazil. Brazilian Ministry of Health Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) epidemiological report, MS vaccination coverage and Brazilian National Sanitation System (SNIS) sanitation condition datum have been analyzed. Spatial (Moran and Local Moran index)and space-time scan statistics techniques have been applied over Pará state using SINAN database for the assessment of the hepatitis-A incidence for a period of 10 years (from 2008 up to 2017). A total of 5500 cases has been reported. Gender specific incidence analysis indicated that men have higher risk of contamination than women. Sociodemographic (lack of sanitation), socioeconomic (municipality governments investments in infra-structure) presented relationship with the disease incidence. There have been evidences that extreme events of severe precipitation and severe droughs were also related to increase in hepatitis-A notification cases. Spatial statistics denoted a heterogeneous geographical structure in the disease`s incidence: isolated high and low HAV incidence clusters through the years, implying in a complex disease outbreak system that is partially controlled by public vaccination actions. Space-time scan statistics denoted that hepatitis-A incidence is highly attached to the public HAV vaccination program and to municipality specific social infrastructure.Lower incidence risk were majorly aggregated over the Nordeste Paraense and Metropolitana de Belém meso-regions. Distinct clusters of hepatitis-A incidence have been found over the studied area (Pará state), and these clusters varied over the years centered at northwest and northeast mesoregions, mainly time-located prior to the national vaccination program start (prior to 2014). National public vaccination program has not been capable of erradicating the disease in the state. Further studies are required to better assess the relationship between climate change efffects over weather events and their relation to HAV transmission outbreaks.

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Preparedness and Response in View of Climate Change Impacting on Health Challenges

Murray¹,

Mayner²

2022

Hydrometeorological Extreme Events and Public Health

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Risks of water-borne disease outbreaks after extreme events

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe

Examining the relationship between infectious diseases and flooding in Europe

Assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of Hepatitis-a virus transmission in the state of Pará, Brazil

Preparedness and Response in View of Climate Change Impacting on Health Challenges

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