Risky decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers

Fishbein, Diana H.; Eldreth, Diana; Hyde, Christopher; Matochik, John A.; London, Edythe D.; Contoreggi, Carlo; Kurian, Varughese; Kimes, Alane S.; Breeden, Andrew L.; Grant, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.12.010

Cited by 143 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…As previous work has focused on tasks sensitive to prefrontal cortex function, the current experiments extend these findings to a task for which the hippocampus is important (Beason-Held, et al 1999;Zola and Squire 2001;Broadbent, et al 2004;Rossato, et al 2007). Cocaine-induced alterations in hippocampal function is also consistent with reports of alterations in hippocampal PET activation in cocaine abusers while making risky decisions in a decision-making task (Fishbein et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Impaired object recognition following prolonged withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration

2008

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Cocaine addicts have a number of cognitive deficits that persist following prolonged abstinence. These include impairments in executive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex, as well as deficits on learning and memory tasks sensitive to hippocampal function. Recent preclinical studies using non-human animals have demonstrated that cocaine treatment can produce persistent deficits in executive functions, but there is relatively little evidence that treatment with cocaine produces persistent deficits in performance on hippocampal-dependent tasks. We recently demonstrated that extended (but not limited) access to self-administered cocaine is especially effective in producing persistent deficits on a test of cognitive vigilance, and therefore, we used this procedure to examine the effects of limited or extended access to cocaine self-administration on recognition memory performance, which is sensitive to hippocampal function. We found that extended access to cocaine produced deficits in recognition memory that persisted for at least 2 weeks after the cessation of drug use. We conclude that the deficits in learning and memory observed in cocaine addicts may be at least in part due to repeated drug use, rather than just due to a pre-existing condition, and that in studying the neural basis of such deficits procedures involving extended access to self-administered cocaine may be especially useful. Keywordsself-administration; memory; cocaine; object recognition Cocaine addicts present with a number of cognitive deficits even following prolonged abstinence. These include impaired performance on tasks involving attention and cognitive flexibility that are thought to be mediated by the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex, as well as spatial, verbal, and recognition memory impairments on tasks thought to be mediated by the hippocampus (Manschreck et al. 1990;Ardila et al. 1991;Berry et al. 1993;Beatty et al. 1995;Hoff et al. 1996;Bolla et al. 2003). Given that cognitive deficits are known to negatively impact treatment outcomes (Aharonovich et al. 2003;Aharonovich et al. 2006), the development of an animal model of persistent cocaine-induced cognitive deficits would be useful in exploring the nature of the deficit. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 July 31. Published in final edited form as:Neuroscience. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptA number of preclinical studies have reported that treatment with cocaine produces cognit...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Impaired object recognition following prolonged withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration

2008

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“…There are conflicting findings about the duration of cognitive deficits and some functions may improve over time. On the other hand, a recent PET study conducted by the first author found persistent deficits in drug abusers after over 3 months of abstinence primarily in complex executive functions, but not simple abilities such as those measured by continuous performance tasks (Fishbein et al, 2005). It will also be instructive to assess the moderating influence of personality and psychiatric disorders as well as the potential for distinctive cultural influences on cognitive dysfunction among heroin addicts (Pau et al, 2002).…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been consistently shown to activate the OFC in normal controls (Rogers et al, 1999a) and to generate lower levels of anterior cingulate activity in drug addicts (Fishbein et al, 2005). This task is described in Fishbein et al (2005); the only difference was the conversion of points to rubles. Initially, 3000 rubles are presented on the computer screen to begin the task and participants were told that the computer has hidden, on a random basis, a ring inside one of 6 yellow or blue boxes arrayed on the screen.…”

Section: E-prime: Cambridge Decision Making Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Fishbein

Krupitsky

Flannery

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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100

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Research on the neurocognitive characteristics of heroin addiction is sparse and studies that do exist include polydrug abusers; thus, they are unable to distinguish neurocognitive effects of heroin from those of other drugs. To identify neurocognitive correlates specific to heroin addiction, the present study was conducted in St. Petersburg, Russia where individuals typically abuse and/or become addicted to only one substance, generally alcohol or heroin. Heroin addicts were recruited from an inpatient treatment facility in St. Petersburg. Three comparison groups included alcoholics, addicts who used both alcohol and heroin, and non-abusers. Psychiatric, background, and drug history evaluations were administered after detoxification to screen for exclusion criteria and characterize the sample. Executive Cognitive Functions (ECF) that largely activate areas of the prefrontal cortex and its circuitry measured include complex visual pattern recognition (Paired Associates Learning), working memory (Delayed Matching to Sample), problem solving (Stockings of Cambridge), executive decision making (Cambridge Decision Making Task), cognitive flexibility (Stroop ColorWord Task) and response shifting (Stop Change Task). In many respects, the heroin addicts were similar to alcohol and alcohol\heroin dependent groups in neurocognitive deficits relative to controls. The primary finding was that heroin addicts exhibited significantly more disadvantageous decision making and longer deliberation times while making risky decisions than the other groups. Because the nature and degree of recovery from drug abuse are likely a function of the type or pattern of neurocognitive impairment, differential drug effects must be considered.

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“…This task consistently activates the orbitofrontal portion of the PFC (Fishbein et al, 2005b;Rogers et al, 1999a,b), an area known to modulate decisionmaking, social skills, impulse control, and goal-driven behaviors. The goal is to earn as many points as possible in gambling-type scenarios with known odds of winning or losing a particular number of points.…”

Section: Risky Decision-making and Sensitivity To Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

et al. 2006

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Exposure to chronic or severe acute stressors throughout the lifespan has been linked with numerous negative behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical consequences. Adolescence is considered to be a particularly vulnerable period given that the brain is experiencing dramatic developmental change during this time. The present study examined a sample of adolescents (N = 125) considered to be at high risk for stress exposures and drug use by virtue of their environment and low income levels to identify possible neurocognitive (i.e., impulsivity, delay of gratification, emotional perception, and risky decision-making) and social competency mechanisms that may mediate this relationship. Using Mplus, a mediational model was tested using full information maximum likelihood estimates. Risky decision-making and poor social competency skills were related to previous stressful experiences; however, only social competencies mediated the effect of stressors on reports of past year marijuana, alcohol, and polydrug use. As such, stress appears to exert its negative impact through alterations in abilities to generate and execute prosocial decisions and behaviors. Interventions that directly address the effects of stress on social competencies may be especially important for children who have experienced adversity including those exposed to parental divorce, parental psychopathology, neglect or abuse, parental death, and poverty.

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Risky decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers

Cited by 143 publications

References 94 publications

Impaired object recognition following prolonged withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration

Impaired object recognition following prolonged withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

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