Risky movements? Natal dispersal does not decrease survival of a large herbivore

Long, Eric S.; Diefenbach, Duane R.; Lutz, Clayton L.; Wallingford, Bret D.; Rosenberry, Christopher S.

doi:10.1002/ece3.7227

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Dispersal is energetically expensive and involves leaving the natal home range and entering unfamiliar areas. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that dispersal events are associated with a greater risk of mortality (Roseberry and Klimstra 1974, Nixon et al 1991, Hölzenbein and Marchinton 1992), and increased mortality among dispersing white‐tailed deer relative to non‐dispersers has been documented in some cases (Nixon et al 2001, McCoy et al 2005), but not in others (Haus et al 2019, Long et al 2021). We grouped deer of each sex as <3.5‐year‐olds (hereafter immature) and ≥3.5‐year‐olds (hereafter mature) for age‐specific survival estimates and individuals progressed from one age class to the next on 15 October, at the start of the breeding season.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult white‐tailed deer survival in hunted populations on public and private lands

Wiskirchen

Jacobsen

Ditchkoff

et al. 2022

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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Estimates of sex‐ and age‐specific survival are important for guiding population management decisions for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, differences in deer survival between public and private lands can exist and, if unaccounted for, may affect wildlife agencies' ability to effectively manage statewide and local deer populations. From 2014 to 2016, we radiocollared and monitored survival of 79 adult white‐tailed deer (141 deer‐years; 62 male, 79 female) on 2 public and 2 private properties in Alabama, USA. We assessed the effects of sex, age, and landownership type (i.e., public or private) on adult white‐tailed deer harvest and survival patterns using an information‐theoretic approach. Hunter harvest accounted for 77% of observed mortalities (n = 23/30), but harvest and survival rates varied by sex and age. Harvest and survival were similar between public and private property despite more restrictive hunting regulations for antlered deer on public areas. Similar harvest rates were likely due to self‐imposed, quality deer management (QDM) harvest strategies on private land that emulated the effects of a state‐mandated antler point restriction (APR) on public land. Our findings indicate survival rates of adult white‐tailed deer may be applicable across landownership types where state‐mandated harvest regulations with respect to males are more restrictive on public than private property, due to the popularity of QDM by private‐land deer hunters. However, where regulations are similar across landownership types (e.g., no state‐mandated APR), differences in harvest and survival rates may exist.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult white‐tailed deer survival in hunted populations on public and private lands

Wiskirchen

Jacobsen

Ditchkoff

et al. 2022

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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“…By delaying, kites benefit from familiarity with the natal site and support from parents that may provide supplemental food up to 39–53 days after fledging (Reichert et al., 2020). Additionally, foraying could be a condition‐dependent behavior, such that the highest‐condition individuals are better able to bear the energetic costs of exploration (Long et al., 2021). Ultimately, the link between foraying and emigration timing suggests that the natal site is important to fledgling kites long after they appear to be independent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, foraying could be a condition-dependent behavior, such that the highest-condition individuals are better able to bear the energetic costs of exploration (Long et al, 2021). Ultimately, the link between foraying and emigration timing suggests that the natal site is important to fledgling kites long after they appear to be independent.…”

Section: Foraying and The Relationship To Delayed Emigrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foray movements are common and vary with natal habitat for a highly mobile bird

Poli,

Meyer,

Darby

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding dispersal is central to interpreting the effects of climate change, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation, and species invasions. Prior to dispersal, animals may gather information about the surrounding landscape via forays, or systematic, short‐duration looping movements away from and back to the original location. Despite theory emphasizing that forays can be beneficial for dispersing organisms and that such behaviors are predicted to be common, relatively little is known about forays in wild populations. Theory predicts that individuals that use forays may delay dispersal and such behaviors should increase survival, yet empirical tests of these predictions remain scarce. We tested these predictions in a natural system using the critically endangered snail kite (Rostrhaumus sociabilis), a wetland‐dependent raptor. We GPS tracked 104 snail kites from fledging through emigration from the natal site across their breeding range to understand the demographic consequences of movement. We found that forays were common (82.7% of individuals tracked), and natal habitat played an important role in the initiation, execution, and outcome of foray behavior. The effect of foraying on survival was indirect, where forayers emigrated later than non‐forayers, and individuals that emigrated later had the highest survival. Poor hydrological conditions in the natal environment were especially important for eliciting forays. Finally, females responded more strongly to natal hydrology than males, making more forays and significantly longer, more distant trips. These results emphasize the fundamental role of natal habitat for determining behavioral patterns, strengthen links between individual movement decisions and their demographic consequences, and provide an important behavioral focal point for interpreting movement tracks that would not otherwise be captured by conventional movement models.

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“…Hence, we suggest that naivety or risk-tolerance plays a prominent role in the behavior of dispersers when navigating novel landscapes. Dispersal is often considered risky due to movement through novel landscapes [ 73 ], and human-derived risks can have an additive effect beyond what is ‘normally expected’ by animals when weighing the decision whether to disperse and where to go [ 13 ]. In contrast, the assumption that residents are more familiar with their home ranges and dispersers must navigate novel terrain, is supported by the residents’ avoidance of potential human-derived risk at both local and landscape scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement and habitat selection of a large carnivore in response to human infrastructure differs by life stage

et al. 2022

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Background The movement extent of mammals is influenced by human-modified areas, which can affect population demographics. Understanding how human infrastructure influences movement at different life stages is important for wildlife management. This is true especially for large carnivores, due to their substantial space requirements and potential for conflict with humans. Methods We investigated human impact on movement and habitat selection by GPS-collared male brown bears (Ursus arctos) in two life stages (residents and dispersers) in central Sweden. We identified dispersers visually based on their GPS locations and used hidden Markov models to delineate dispersal events. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to infer movement and habitat selection at a local scale (availability defined by hourly relocations), and resource selection functions (RSFs) to infer habitat selection at a landscape scale (availability defined by the study area extent). Results Movement of residents on a local scale was facilitated by small forestry roads as they moved faster and selected areas closer to forestry roads, and they avoided areas closer to larger public roads and buildings on both scales. Dispersers were more ambivalent in their response to human infrastructure. Dispersers increased their speed closer to small forestry roads and larger public roads, did not exhibit selection for or against any road class, and avoided areas closer to buildings only at local scale. Dispersers did not select for any features on the landscape, which is likely explained by the novelty of the landscape or their naivety towards it. Conclusion Our results show that movement in male brown bears is life stage-dependent and indicate that connectivity maps derived from movement data of dispersing animals may provide more numerous and more realistic pathways than those derived from resident animal data alone. This suggests that data from dispersing animals provide more realistic models for reconnecting populations and maintaining connectivity than if data were derived from resident animals alone.

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Risky movements? Natal dispersal does not decrease survival of a large herbivore

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Adult white‐tailed deer survival in hunted populations on public and private lands

Adult white‐tailed deer survival in hunted populations on public and private lands

Foray movements are common and vary with natal habitat for a highly mobile bird

Movement and habitat selection of a large carnivore in response to human infrastructure differs by life stage

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