Risques sanitaires et gestion des eaux usées et des déchets à Kribi (Cameroun)

Assako, René Joly Assako; Tonmeu, Carine Alix Djilo; Bley, Daniel

doi:10.4000/books.irdeditions.3620

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Apart from a few homes that have modern cesspits (about 15%), most people pour their wastewater into the yard or into poorly equipped traditional latrines in the open. The flatness of the land and the presence of multiple geomorphologic depressions result in that domestic wastewater being discharged into nature, obviously without any treatment, creating numerous stagnation points where a string of pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, and infectious disease vectors develop (Assako Assako et al 2010). As for hotels, generally located on the coast, their septic tanks are emptied by private emptying companies from Douala.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kribi, rivers and beaches are used extensively by the populations (Batanga, Ngoumba, Mabéa, etc.) for bathing, washing dishes, laundry, fishing, and even for traditional ceremonies (Assako Assako et al 2010). However, poor management of these aquatic ecosystems can make the water resource dangerous, exposing populations to health risks (Nana et al 2023a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contamination from human beings is mainly related to a total absence of wastewater treatment systems in this seaside town. Indeed, the city of Kribi, which has experienced a demographic boom in recent years, has no real wastewater and sewage sludge treatment system (Assako Assako et al 2010). Wastewater treatment plants are non-existent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are enteric microorganisms, i.e., from the intestines of humans or warm-blooded animals and brought into the environment via their excreta. Sources of this excreta include discharges of treated and untreated sewage on land and from ships’ ballast water, livestock effluents (animal faeces), stormwater discharges, rainfall-runoff, and other diffuse sources (Assako Assako et al 2010; Manini et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Nana,

Tchakonté,

Pahane Mbiada

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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Kribi is a seaside town that welcomes thousands of tourists each year. However, the poor sanitation condition of its beaches along the Atlantic coast is not without risk for visitors. In this study, we used the formol-ether concentration technique to identify and quantify larvae or eggs of intestinal helminths in waters of three regularly visited Kribi beaches (Mpalla, Ngoyè, and Mboamanga). Results revealed that all identified larvae and eggs were cestodes (Hymenolepis nana) and nematodes (Strongyloides sp., Ascaris sp., Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura). All the helminth eggs and larvae showed high abundance at low tide during rainy seasons. Ancylostoma duodenale eggs, totally absent at Mpalla, were densely present at low tide at Ngoyè (301 ± 15 eggs/L). Trichuris trichiura eggs showed the lowest abundance (0 to 62 eggs/L) at all sites. Abiotic variables indicated that waters at the various beaches were basic (pH: 8.75–9.77), generally warmer (32.44°C at Mpalla in the Short Rainy Season), more oxygenated at low tide, and moderately mineralized at high tide. Positive and significant correlations were observed at Ngoyè at low tide between Strongyloides sp. larvae and dissolved oxygen (P ˂ 0.05); and between Ancylostoma duodenale eggs and temperature (P ˂ 0.05). The overall results indicated that the beaches studied are subjected to fecal pollution. This pollution is more accentuated during low tides than during high tides. Depending on tidal movements, swimmers risk exposure to helminth eggs and larvae known to be responsible for gastroenteritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Nana,

Tchakonté,

Pahane Mbiada

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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“…Recreational activities, such as unsewered campsites and boaters discharging untreated sewage directly on or off beaches, may contribute to the input of fecal microorganisms into these environments. Several studies have also shown a strong correlation between the presence of animals and contamination events in these ecosystems [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of Seasons and Tides on the Distribution of Enteric Protozoa on the Shores of the Atlantic Ocean in Kribi (South Region of Cameroon): Health Risks Related to Bathing

et al. 2023

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Beaches are major sites of microbiological pollution. Assessment of the abundance of resistant forms of enteric protozoa on these recreational waters is important for the prevention and management of health risks. Based on sedimentation and flotation methods, this study found that Kribi beach waters concentrate considerable amounts of enteric protozoa, which are potentially pathogenic. They include Coccidia (Cryptosporidium sp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis), Amoebae (Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli) and Flagellates (Giardia intestinalis). In general, seasonal changes and tidal cycles have significantly impacted the spread of these parasites along Kribi beaches. Thus, at all sites surveyed (Mpalla, Ngoyè and Mboamanga), maximum protozoan abundances were recorded at low tide and during the rainy seasons. It should also be noted that at each sampling site, significant correlations were recorded between certain protozoa and certain physico-chemical variables (p < 0.05). At Mboamanga, for example, Cryptosporidium sp. and Endolimax nana were positively correlated during the Short Rainy Season with temperature (r = 0.601, p = 0.044 and r = 0.632, p = 0.042). At Mpalla, a positive and significant correlation was observed during the Short Rainy Season between Entamoeba coli and pH (r = 0.605, p = 0.033). The high concentration of resistant forms of these enteric protozoa at Kribi beaches is a real public health threat for bathers. Therefore, in this tourist town, it is urgent to put in place an effective plan for the collection and sustainable treatment of solid and liquid waste, which are the main sources of contamination.

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Vulnérabilité des populations aux maladies infectieuses d’origine hydrique en milieu urbain tropical : un construit influencé par les pratiques d’usage d’eau et d’assainissement dans la ville de Mbouda (Ouest-Cameroun)

Demtezemb Nzo Fotio,

Tsalefac

2023

suds

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Cet article veut appréhender, les principaux facteurs de la vulnérabilité des populations aux maladies infectieuses d’origine hydrique dans la ville de Mbouda située à l’Ouest du Cameroun. Pour y parvenir, des données épidémiologiques sont collectées au district de santé et une enquête relative aux conditions de vie dans 587 ménages est effectuée. La corrélation de Spearman est utilisée pour déterminer les liens entre les données d’enquête afin de les synthétiser en variables composites. Des analyses multivariées sont sollicitées pour l’identification des groupes de variables significativement corrélés à la morbidité. Les résultats montrent que, la vulnérabilité des populations à ces pathologies en général est positivement influencée, par la gestion de l’eau dans les ménages et son usage pour la préparation des repas non bouillis et négativement, par les modes d’approvisionnement en eau de boisson d’une part et par l’usage de l’eau pour la cuisson d’aliments d’autre part. La vulnérabilité des populations à la fièvre typhoïde est aussi positivement corrélée au premier facteur précédent auquel s’associe la pollution environnementale. Des stratégies d’atténuation de cette vulnérabilité sont à rechercher et à promouvoir afin de garantir la santé des populations.

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Risques sanitaires et gestion des eaux usées et des déchets à Kribi (Cameroun)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Influence of tides on the dissemination and related health risks of intestinal helminths along the Kribi beaches (Atlantic Coast, Southern Cameroon)

Influence of Seasons and Tides on the Distribution of Enteric Protozoa on the Shores of the Atlantic Ocean in Kribi (South Region of Cameroon): Health Risks Related to Bathing

Vulnérabilité des populations aux maladies infectieuses d’origine hydrique en milieu urbain tropical : un construit influencé par les pratiques d’usage d’eau et d’assainissement dans la ville de Mbouda (Ouest-Cameroun)

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