Ritalin, eine neuartige synthetische Verbindung mit spezifischer zentralerregender Wirkungskomponente

Meier, R.; Gross, F; Tripod, J

doi:10.1007/bf01466968

Cited by 84 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…They are traditionally distinguished from the 'central nervous sys tem' stimulants, such as strychnine, picrotoxin, pentylene tetrazol, and the methyl xanthines, but the nature of the distinction has not been prominently articulated. The term 'psychomotor' was coined a century ago to characterize movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the central nervous system, and it appears to have first been appended to 'stimulant* (Meier et al, 1954) with the marketing of methylphenidate, a drug used in attentional deficit disorder (Ayd, 1957). In humans the psychomotor stimulants are associated with superior performance on vigilance tasks (Hindmarch, 1980) while in animals the psychomotor stim ulants are those that increase locomotion (Van Rossum et al, 1962) without causing convulsions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of novel and habituated testing conditions on cocaine sensitization

Wise

Gingras

Amit

1996

European Journal of Pharmacology

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Female Swiss-Webster mice were treated daily for 10 days with cocaine (15 m g/kg i.p.) followed by 10 days with saline or ethanol (1.6 g /kg i.p.) or the reverse; following each injection in the experimental conditions locomotion was quantified in photocell cages. In animals given cocaine first, cocaine-induced locomotion was initially high and did not increase further with successive injections. In animals given prior saline or ethanol treatments, cocaine-induced locomotion was initially low but increased with successive cocaine treatments, There was no evidence of sensitization to the locomotor-stimulating effects of ethanol or of cross-sensitization between ethanol and cocaine. With respect to subsequent cocaine sensitization, the essential feature of prior saline or ethanol treatment appeared to be the handling and injection experience itself; a control group receiving prior saline injections in the home cage also showed a low level of cocaine-induced locomotion on the first day of cocaine testing but increasing locomotion with repeated cocaine testing. Thus, cocaine sensitization, rather than a progressive augmentation of motor function, may reflect a progressive reversal of the behavioral suppression caused by habituation to aspects of the testing situation or to some form of situational anxiety that precludes normal exploratory responses.

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confidence: 99%

Influence of novel and habituated testing conditions on cocaine sensitization

Wise

Gingras

Amit

1996

European Journal of Pharmacology

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“…For example, Meier, Gross, and Tripod (1954) have reported that in dogs, methylphenidate "especially on peroral administration has a relatively low toxicity." Similarly, in a single case study, Pollack (1964) reported no toxic side effects of methylphenidate even with extremely high doses (1,200 mg/day).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These problems, in addition to a number of reports implicating methylphenidate toxicity (Conners & Eisenberg, 1963;Meier et al_, 1954;Palatucci, 1974) suggest that a controlled and sensitive index of toxicity be examined for methylphenidate. One such design which has received some attention in assessing drug toxicity or stress is conditioned food aversions (Garcia & Ervin, 1968;Revusky & Garcia, 1970).…”

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Methylphenidate-induced conditioned taste aversions: An index of toxicity

Riley

Zellner

1978

Psychobiology

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Following consumption of saccharin, groups of rats were injected with various doses of methylphenidate hydrochloride. Small aversions were found after one conditioning trial, with repeated saccharin-methlyphenidate pairings resulting in continued decrements in consumption. The strength of the aversion as well as the amount of individual variability were doserelated, with weaker aversions and greater individual variability occurring at the smaller dose (15 mglkg). Although aversions were quite pronounced at higher doses, individual variability, although small, was still evident. The similarities and differences between methylphenidate-induced aversions and aversions based on emetics were discussed, along with the implications of these results as indices for methylphenidate-induced toxicity.

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“…Structurally, this compound is related to compounds having a hypocholesterolemic effect ( 1,2,3), and also acts as a central nervous system stimulant (4). A preliminary report of these experiments has been published ( 5 ) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Dose level and schedule of treatment, before isotope injections, were established partially from experiments previously reported ( 4 ) . These prior studies showed that maximum drug action appeared after one hour and lasted for several hours.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain Cholesterol VIII: Effect of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the Incorporation of Specifically Labeled Acetate.

Kabara¹

1965

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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In order further to understand factors affecting cholesterol metabolism in adult animals, we have studied the effect of a central nervous system stimulant, methylphenidate (Ritalin), on brain cholesterol metabolism. Structurally, this compound is related to compounds having a hypocholesterolemic effect( 1,2,3), and also acts as a central nervous system stimulant(4). A preliminary report of these experiments has been published ( 5 ) . The present paper is a more complete study of the effect of this drug on acetate incorporation into brain cholesterol.Experimental. Radioactive precursors. Acetate-2-3H (10 mC/m-mole) ; acetate-l-14C (2.8 mC/m-mole) ; acetate-2-14C ( 1.5 mC/ m-mole) were used simultaneously in these studies. Radioactive nutrients were dissolved in physiological saline, with benzyl alcohol (0.9%) added as a preservative. The resultant solutions were injected intraperitoneally.The drug (methylphenidate) Ritalin, donated by Ciba Pharmaceutical Co. (H. Sheppard), was prepared as a 1% solution in saline. The stock solution was diluted shortly before injection.Methylphenidate was studied at 2 dose levels, 4 mg/kg and 20 mgJkg, representing respectively 1/35 and 1/7 of the usual LDBo.

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Ritalin, eine neuartige synthetische Verbindung mit spezifischer zentralerregender Wirkungskomponente

Cited by 84 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of novel and habituated testing conditions on cocaine sensitization

Influence of novel and habituated testing conditions on cocaine sensitization

Methylphenidate-induced conditioned taste aversions: An index of toxicity

Brain Cholesterol VIII: Effect of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the Incorporation of Specifically Labeled Acetate.

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