Rival Bodies: Negotiating Gender and Embodiment in Women’s Bikini and Figure Competitions

Abstract

Women’s bodybuilding has attracted attention from gender researchers. However, increasingly popular fitness shows that feature different competitive tracks—bikini and figure—have garnered very limited scholarly consideration. This study draws on interview data from twenty bikini and figure competitors as well as ethnographic research conducted at several prominent bodybuilding shows in Texas with fitness competition tracks. Our investigation provides a comparative analysis of women’s participation in bikini versus figure fitness competitions as an embodied gender practice. Participation in this relatively new sport underscores the interconnections between gender and variegated forms of embodiment that we call athletic, aesthetic, erotic, and everyday bodies. Pre-competition regimens pose challenges for women’s management of their bodies due to dietary deprivation, rigorous workouts, and the specter of track-specific judging criteria. Pre-competition strains are often evident in primary relationships as women’s bodies are prepared for aesthetic presentation in a way that, for bikini and especially figure competitors, can undermine physical functionality and social capabilities. Competitions themselves reveal relationships marked by a mix of camaraderie and hierarchy among competitors, with those in the figure track often viewed as more “serious” athletes but less conventionally “feminine” than their bikini counterparts. Post-competition, women often struggle to accept the return of their “normal” everyday body. This study reveals the agency of women and their bodies in the context of a fast-growing sport while considering the broader social implications of fitness competitions given their tracking of women’s bodies.

Navigating Risks and Reducing Harm: A Gendered Analysis of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Users Within the Risk Environment Framework

“…Consequently, they may bypass harm reduction services, given that drug use is perceived as a male-oriented, transgressive, and embarrassing behavior (Meyers et al, 2021). Nonetheless, recent literature has begun to present individual narratives that shed light on the intricate and diverse experiences of women and their engagement with AAS (Campbell et al, 2021; Piatkowski, Robertson, et al, 2023). There is an emerging recognition of the imperative for adopting a gender-sensitive framework in the context of harm reduction, wherein the distinct needs and experiences of women are duly considered from multiple perspectives (Ettorre, 2004; Shirley-Beavan et al, 2020).…”

Gendered perspectives on women’s anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) usage practices

“…Given the emerging body ideal of women who are seeking to achieve more muscular physiques, this group may be at risk of engaging in PIED or AAS strategies more similar to those of men. The propensity for women to engage in these strategies has been previously sequestered to women’s bodybuilding [ 17 , 18 ] and, more recently, figure and bikini competitions [ 19 ]. However, overall, little attention has been given to the broader context of women regarding PIED and AAS use.…”