River dynamics and the diversity of Amazon lowland forest

Salo, Jukka; Kalliola, Risto; Häkkinen, Ilmari; Mäkinen, Yrjö; Niemelä, Pekka; Puhakka, Maarit; Coley, Phyllis D.

doi:10.1038/322254a0

Cited by 814 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Water movement can strongly affect the distribution of vegetation types throughout floodplains, as such forces alter the physical structure and stability of the habitat through erosion and sedimentation (Salo et al 1986). Debris flows and sediment deposits result in topographic heterogeneity around river confluences (Benda et al 2004b).…”

Section: The Means (±Sd) Of Shannonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Diversity at Network Nodes: River Confluences Increase Vegetation-Patch Diversity~!2010-03-22~!2010-04-30~!2010-07-07~!

Osawa¹,

Mitsuhashi²,

Niwa³

et al. 2010

TOECOLJ

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Although dendritic networks within ecosystems have typically been considered a special case of network topology, they have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. These systems exhibit unique features in that both the nodes and branches provide distinct habitats. Within a river discontinuum context, river confluences, which are nodes of dendritic river networks, are hypothesised to have particular hydrodynamic traits that create heterogeneous habitats through a unique disturbance regime, although this hypothesis has not yet been tested. We tested this hypothesis using a vegetation data set collected from 14 river basin systems in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We compared vegetation-patch diversity between confluence and single-flow areas using hierarchical Bayesian models. Our results demonstrated greater vegetation-patch diversity in confluence areas compared to single-flow areas. Our findings support the hypothesis that confluences result in highly heterogeneous habitats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical report to demonstrate that river confluences have high vegetation-patch diversity. We conclude that network nodes play an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of river networks.

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Section: The Means (±Sd) Of Shannonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Diversity at Network Nodes: River Confluences Increase Vegetation-Patch Diversity~!2010-03-22~!2010-04-30~!2010-07-07~!

Osawa¹,

Mitsuhashi²,

Niwa³

et al. 2010

TOECOLJ

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“…Oxisols and ultisols cover the majority of these areas and are particularly extensive in the Brazilian Amazon. (Data: Guyana, Gross-Braun (1965); Brazil, Richter & Babbar (1991); Colombia, Duivenvoorden & Lips (1998); Peru, Salo et al (1986) endemism and diversity to be negative within a phytogeographic region. Between regions or continents, i.e.…”

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the floristic composition and diversity of Amazonian forests including those of the Guiana Shield

Sabatier²,

et al. 2000

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A large number of newly published and unpublished hectare plots in Amazonia and the Guiana Shield area allow an analysis of family composition and testing of hypotheses concerning alpha-diversity in the south American rain forest. Using data from 94 plots the family-level floristic patterns in wet tropical South America are described. To test diversity patterns, 268 plots are used in this large area. Contrary to a widely held belief, western Amazonian plots are not necessarily the most diverse. Several central Amazonian plots have equal or even higher tree diversity. Annual rainfall is not a good estimator for tree diversity in the Amazonia area and Guiana shield. Plots in the Guiana Shield area (and eastern Amazonia) usually have lower diversity than those in central or western Amazonia. It is argued that this is not because of low rainfall or low nutrient status of the soil but because of the small area of the relatively isolated rain forest area in eastern Amazonia and the Guiana Shield. The low diversity on nutrient-poor white sand soils in the Amazon basin is not necessarily due to their low nutrient status but is, at least partly, caused by their small extent and fragmented nature.

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“…Therefore, anthropogenic disturbance regimes influence the establishment (Stromberg et al 1991;Scott et al 1997), mortality (Schumm and Lichty 1963;Stromberg et al 1997), and patch structure (Salo et al 1986;Friedman et al 1995) of riparian plant communities. Alteration of natural hydrologic regimes of most rivers in the southwestern US has led to degradation of riparian habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration

2008

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Altered hydrology of southwestern United States rivers has led to a decline in native cottonwood (Populus deltoides). Areas historically dominated by cottonwood have been replaced by invasive saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis). Restoration of historic hydrology through periodic flooding of riparian areas has been a means of restoring native species. However, due to similarity in germination requirements of cottonwoods and saltcedars, flooding may create an unwanted increase in the number of saltcedar seedlings. Therefore, we evaluated competitive aspects of these cooccurring species in an extant riparian habitat in the arid southwestern US. We measured effects of competition between cottonwood and saltcedar seedlings and among cottonwood seedlings during the first growing season following seedling establishment in 360, 0.5 9 0.5-m plots at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We used five interspecific density treatments and five intraspecific density treatments. Cottonwood seedling biomass and height were twice that of saltcedar seedlings across all density treatments. As density of cottonwood increased, intraspecific competition increased in severity and biomass of cottonwood seedlings decreased. At 4 plants/0.25 m 2 , cottonwood seedlings had the greatest biomass; whereas, survival was highest at 10 plants/ 0.25 m 2 . Our results support greenhouse studies and suggest that if favorable germination conditions are established for cottonwood in floodplains, saltcedar seedlings that cogerminate could be outcompeted by native cottonwood seedlings.

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River dynamics and the diversity of Amazon lowland forest

Cited by 814 publications

References 14 publications

Enhanced Diversity at Network Nodes: River Confluences Increase Vegetation-Patch Diversity~!2010-03-22~!2010-04-30~!2010-07-07~!

Enhanced Diversity at Network Nodes: River Confluences Increase Vegetation-Patch Diversity~!2010-03-22~!2010-04-30~!2010-07-07~!

An analysis of the floristic composition and diversity of Amazonian forests including those of the Guiana Shield

Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration

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