River Flood Modelling For Flooding Risk Mitigation in Iraq

Shareef, Mohammad Esam; Abdulrazzaq, Dheyaa Ghanim

doi:10.28991/cej-2021-03091754

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, researchers have studied the effect of urbanization on floods not only in Erbil, but also in other cities of Iraq. Recently, Shareef and Abdulrazzaq [37] investigated a river flood to mitigate flood risk in the Fallujah district in Anbar Province, which is 69 km to the west of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq. Some Iraqi cities have already developed their IDF curves and empirical formulas, but Erbil is the only one that has not yet done so.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Developed Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Erbil with Other Iraqi Urban Areas

Kareem

Amen

Mustafa

et al. 2022

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) relationships are widely used in water infrastructure design and construction. IDF curves represent the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency, and are obtained by analyzing observed data. These relationships are critical for the safe design of flood protection structures, storm sewers, culverts, bridges, etc. In this study, the IDF curves and empirical IDF formulas for the city of Erbil were developed for the first time by employing the annual maximum rainfall data for a period of 39 years (1980–2018), which is the only available recorded data. Statistical techniques such as Gumbel and Log-Pearson Type III (LPT III) were utilized to determine the IDF curves and empirical equations from daily rainfall data for several standard durations and return periods. The correlation between the rainfall intensities obtained from IDF curves and the empirical formula presented a reliable match, with a coefficient of determination of (R2 = 1). The results were compared to previously developed IDF curves and empirical formulas in Iraqi cities to show their reliability. Moreover, the results can be an initial step for authorities to establish required guidelines in the studied area, and in the design process of the storm water infrastructure of urban basins in the future.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Developed Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Erbil with Other Iraqi Urban Areas

Kareem

Amen

Mustafa

et al. 2022

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For agricultural land conservation and water resources restoration, the characteristics of land cover should be monitored, including water bodies, urban spaces, and agricultural land [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11]. This is particularly true in sub-humid to semi-arid environments, where the agricultural change in grazing areas may only be noticed over long periods.…”

Section: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate Change on Crops Productivity Using MODIS-NDVI Time Series

Jabal¹,

Khayyun

Alwan

2022

Civ Eng J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change is the single biggest threat facing the global food system. Irrefutable impacts of climate change on the food systems are recently acknowledged. Therefore, extensive scientific efforts around the globe are dedicated to investigating and evaluating the short and long-term effects of climate change on the development of global food systems. In this study, an integrated approach of two methodologies, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), was employed to extrapolate the long-term changes in agronomic areas from 2000 to 2020 in the Dukan Dam Watershed (DDW), Northern Iraq. The link between agricultural areas and the primary production of essential crops (Wheat, Barley, Rice, Maize, and Sunflower) is proposed to be altered due to the impact of climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, Iraq is one of the semi-arid regions in the world that has recently been characterized by water scarcity and limited agronomic areas. Three independent variables (rainfall, temperature, and agriculture area) were used in the multiple regression analysis to understand the impact of the main drivers affecting the production of crops in DDW. Obtained results showed an increasing trend in crop production as a result of the frequent use of groundwater and surface water sources along with the implementation of greenhouse cultivation. Correlation analysis shows that the crop production was significantly related to the annual precipitation with a 59–63% in winter crops like wheat and barley, but was less sensitive to the temperature with a 20–40% in summer crops like rice, maize, and sunflower. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-04 Full Text: PDF

show abstract

“…In addition, several dams were constructed on the tributaries of the Tigris River. These dams are; Dokan, constructed in 1959 on Lesser Zab River with a reservoir capacity of 6.8 km 3 , Darbandikhan, constructed in 1961 on Diyala River with a reservoir capacity of 2.8 km 3 , Hemrin, constructed in 1981 on Diyala River with a reservoir capacity of 2.4 km 3 , and Adhaim, constructed in 1999 on Adhaim River with a reservoir capacity 1.5 km 3 [39].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide and especially in less developed regions, process-based evaluations and/or geomorphological information on large-scale rivers are still scarce. Such investigation become of ‎urgent ‎need due to the climate change and expected occurrence of extreme floods and drought which ‎may ‎threaten the safety of nearby and downstream cities, especially in regions that are highly sensitive and ‎affected by climatic changes. The Tigris River, in Iraq, is one such river that has undergone significant alteration to its flow and morphologic aspects due to climate change and the construction of many dams. However, morphology and its change for many reaches of this river are still uninvestigated. To this end, field and satellite-based investigations into the morphology of a reach located between Makhool District and Tikrit City have been conducted. In addition to the cross-sectional survey-based determination of the reach geometrical aspects, a sinuosity indices-based evaluation of the reach planform was implemented, utilizing a satellite indices-based approach. Furthermore, the characteristics of bed material were identified through field sampling. Investigation results show that the reach has a steep bed slope and many islands of low altitude with an elongated shape. The reach has a mild sinuosity with alternating bars. The dominant particle sizes of the bed material are coarse and medium gravel with a dominant particle shape of disc particles. Moreover, the satellite-based change detection indicated the fading out and disappearance of some secondary channels, the growth of many islands, and the movement of some bends downstream. The percentage of changing parts for the period 1975–2021 is 14%. Most of this change, 11%, occurred after the construction of the Mosul Dam. This reveals the sensitivity of reach morphology to flow change due to the construction of dams. The conducted fieldwork and the applied methodology contribute to supporting efforts to add knowledge worldwide about uninvestigated rivers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-03 Full Text: PDF

show abstract

River Flood Modelling For Flooding Risk Mitigation in Iraq

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Analysis of Developed Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Erbil with Other Iraqi Urban Areas

Comparative Analysis of Developed Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Erbil with Other Iraqi Urban Areas

Impact of Climate Change on Crops Productivity Using MODIS-NDVI Time Series

Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About