River pollution from non-point sources: a new simplified method of assessment

Munafò, Michele; Cecchi, Giuliano; Baiocco, Fabio; Mancini, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.02.016

Cited by 97 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This derived optimal estimation should approximate the representative yield of each land use category over wide spatial and temporal scales. This yield factor, similar to a land cover indicator, is the most important component for the assessment of the pollution in water bodies from non-point sources (Munaf et al, 2005;Lane et al, 2006).…”

Section: Nitrate Yields Of Landuse Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

Huang

Lee

Kao

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate export in small subtropical watersheds is rarely observed and the estimation of individual land use nitrate yield from a mixed combination within catchments has scarcely been studied. In this study the nitrate concentrations at 16 nested catchments in the Chi-Chia-Wan watershed in Central Taiwan were measured during [2007][2008]. A 3-layer TOPMODEL was applied to estimate daily discharge for ungauged sub-catchments. The observed nitrate concentrations and the simulated discharges were used for nitrate flux estimations through four flux methods. Meanwhile, a new deconvolution computation was developed to resolve the nitrate yield of each land use from within the mixed combinations.The results showed that the observed mean NO 3 -N concentration in relatively pristine catchments was approximately 0.145 ± 0.103 mg l −1 , which is comparable with other forestry catchments around the world. However, the higher rainfall/runoff, substantial N deposition, and other nitrogen sources resulted in significantly higher annual export of approximately 238-1018 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . Our deconvolution computation showed that the background yield of natural forestry was ∼351 ±62 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . On the other hand, the extremely high nitrate yield of active farmland was ∼308, 170 ± 19 241 kg-N km −2 yr −1 due to overfertilization. The deconvolution computation technique is capable of tracing the mixed signals at the outlet back to the nitrate productions from varied land use patterns. It advances the application of river monitoring network. The typical values of nitrate yields can serve as a guideline for land management. Comparing the nitrogen input and output, we found some nitrogen missing in the cycling which may indicate certain removal processes and we therefore suggest further study to be carried out to fully understand nitrogen cycling in subtropics.

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Section: Nitrate Yields Of Landuse Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

Huang

Lee

Kao

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The geo-accumulation factors are classified into nine degrees, basically pollution-free (I geo B 0), pollution-free to mild pollution (0 \ I geo B 1), mild pollution (1 \ I geo B 2), mild to moderate pollution (2 \ I geo B 2.5), moderate pollution (2.5 \ I geo B 3), moderate to serious pollution (3 \ I geo B 3.5), serious pollution (3.5 \ I geo B 4), serious to severe pollution (4 \ I geo B 5) and severe pollution (I geo [ 5) (Li et al 2006). Multiple-factor evaluation Multiple-factor comprehensive evaluation of soil pollution employed the revised Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method (Ma et al 2006;Broeg and Lehtonen 2006;Munafò et al 2005;Pascual and Abollo 2005). The general index P in the traditional Nemerow comprehensive index method is always a weighted mean of general Nemerow comprehensive pollution index derived from the statistics of the measured values of various heavy metal pollution factors and the standard values of the heavy metals in the soil to be measured.…”

Section: Single-factor Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urban land expansion on soil quality in rapidly urbanizing regions in China: Kunshan as a case study

Jian

Liu

Bu-zhuo

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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At a stage of rapid economic development and urbanization in China, most cities are faced with serious problems caused by environment deterioration such as pollution, space press, afforestation degradation, and disordering. Kunshan City, one of the most economically vigorous regions in China, has suffered a more prominent conflict between urbanization and environmental safety. In this paper, urban land expansion in Kunshan City in the Yangtze River Delta was measured with reference to the Landsat data recorded in 1982, 1991, 1995, and 2003 and change in land-use pattern in 1981, 1991, 1995, and 2004 as well as that in nutrients in soils of different purposes between the periods were analyzed to study the effect of urban land-use expansion on soil characteristics. To get a better understanding of soil nutrients, heavy metal content, and pollution, on-the-spot investigation, sampling and laboratory analysis were all conducted, and the geo-accumulation factors and revised Nemerow comprehensive index method were adopted for evaluation of the findings. The results show that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, rapidly available nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil (except available potassium) all increased, and the average content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Hg, Se, and Zn prove to be 8.61, 0.12, 83.53, 32.49, 29.93, 30.45, 0.27, 0.24, and 93.3 mg kg(-1), respectively, showing degradation in soil quality.

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“…The pollutant loads to a watershed outlet can change depending on watershed characteristics and tributaries' self-purification capacities (Munafo et al 2005). In the PLCM, pollution sources are largely classified into point or nonpoint sources (NPSs) based on their origin and runoff mode.…”

Section: Plcm Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of pollutant loads in an estuarine reservoir considering pollution source characteristics and seasonal variation

Eom

Song

Kwun

2010

Paddy Water Environ

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The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program is an integrated process of watershed assessment and management to address surface water quality impairment. The management of organic contaminants and nutrients is a primary concern in conserving surface water bodies. Watershed-scale pollutant loads simulation can assist stakeholders and watershed planners in making decisions on immediate and long-term land use schemes to improve water quality. However, the behavior of contaminants in a watershed needs to be characterized prior to such model applications. The objectives of this study were to characterize point and nonpoint pollutants runoff at a watershed scale and to develop a Pollutant Load Calculation Model (PLCM), which facilitates the estimation of pollutant delivery to a watershed outlet. The developed model was applied for the six sub-watersheds of the Saemangeum estuarine watershed in Korea, where a large tidal reclamation project has been underway. Two years stream flow and water quality data were used for the model calibration, while 1 year data were utilized for the model validation. The model calibration resulted in the R 2 values of 0.58, 0.53, and 0.35 for BOD, TN, and TP, respectively. Overall performance for the validation period was similar with that for the calibration period although the R 2 values were slightly decreased. The PLCM tends to substantially under or overestimate delivery pollutants loads during the summer rainy seasons when most rainfall events occur. This is probably because once-a-month-measured water quality data, which might not represent appropriately monthly water quality, particularly, for rainy seasons, were used for the loads calculation. Thus, more frequently monitored water quality data should be used for the delivery loads estimation at least for a rainy season in order to improve the PLCM performance. Nevertheless, the developed model took the pollutant reduction process into account, which is not allowed with the conventional unit loading method, and furthermore temporal variations of pollutant loads based on stream flows were also incorporated into the pollutant loads estimation. The developed PLCM can be a useful tool to assess pollutants delivery loads at a watershed scale and thus assist decision makers in developing watershed pollution management schemes.

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River pollution from non-point sources: a new simplified method of assessment

Cited by 97 publications

References 4 publications

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

The impact of urban land expansion on soil quality in rapidly urbanizing regions in China: Kunshan as a case study

Estimation of pollutant loads in an estuarine reservoir considering pollution source characteristics and seasonal variation

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