River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): Patterns in relation to crustal type

Bridgland, David R.; Demi̇r, Tuncer; Seyrek, Adnan; Daoud, Mohamad; Romieh, Mohammad Abou; Westaway, Rob

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.015

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…little quartz grains), while SEY11 was dated at 60±5 ka. According to what observed byBridgland et al (2017) about river terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region, the sedimentation phases should correspond to cold periods. In particular,Bridgland et al (2012) observed, in the valleys of the Tigris and Ceyhan in Turkey, the Kebir in Syria and the trans-border rivers Orontes and Euphrates, a regular terrace formation in synchrony with 100 ka climatic cycles to be correlated with MIS 12, 10, 8, 6 and 4-2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

New insights on the predisposing factors and geomorphic response to the largest landslide on emerged Earth surface: the Seymareh rock slide - debris avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)

Delchiaro

Seta

Martino

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Seymareh landslide, detached ~10 ka from the north-eastern flank of the Kabir-kuh fold (Zagros Mts., Iran), 10 is worldwide recognized as the largest massive rock slope failure (44 Gm 3 ) ever recorded on the emerged Earth surface.Understanding the hazard conditions and the risk associated to this out-of-scale event would provide important pin points for risk mitigation strategies in case of extreme landslide scenarios. Controversial theories have been proposed so far by the scientific community to explain the generation of such an exceptional event and different scenarios have been proposed for explaining the induced changes of landscape. This study provides new constraints to the evolution of the Seymareh river 15 valley, before and after the Seymareh landslide occurrence, to correctly identify the predisposing factors, to suggest possible triggers and deduce the geomorphic response to the slope failure.We performed detailed geological and geomorphological surveys and mapping of the Seymareh valley and dated with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) two suites of fluvial terraces (one older and one younger than the Seymareh landslide) as well as a lacustrine terrace (formed after the temporary landslide damming), as useful geomorphic markers of 20 the valley evolution. River profile metrics showed the evidence of a transient landscape and the plano-altimetric distribution of the geomorphic markers has been correlated to the detectable knickpoints along the Seymareh river longitudinal profile.We thus provide time constraints to the main evolutionary stages of the valley before and after the emplacement of the landslide, to be used as inputs for future stress-strain time-dependent numerical modelling in the perspective of calibrating the rock mass viscosity and verifying the possible earthquake trigger of the Seymareh landslide as an ultimate scenario of 25 ongoing mass rock creep processes.

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confidence: 60%

New insights on the predisposing factors and geomorphic response to the largest landslide on emerged Earth surface: the Seymareh rock slide - debris avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)

Delchiaro

Seta

Martino

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…3D). In previous reviews of the preservation patterns shown by fluvial archives, in which causal linkages have been observed with crustal type, such archives indicative of alternating subsidence and uplift were found to be associated commonly with Early or Middle Proterozoic crustal provinces with thick 'roots' of mafic material at the base of the crust, restricting the thickness of the mobile lower crustal layer Bridgland et al, 2017). In the Sudetes this phenomenon is apparent in basinal areas, which are separated by structural ridges (horsts) of older, generally crystalline rocks (Dyjor, 1986; see above).…”

Section: Relation Of Fluvial Archives To Crustal Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The alternation between uplift and subsidence implicit in these preservation patterns has been ascribed to the properties of the crust of the EEP; such crust is highly consolidated and relatively cold, with a lower mobile layer of limited thickness (probably a few kilometres at most), making it very much less dynamic than younger crustal types Bridgland and Westaway, 2017;cf. Kutas et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage evolution in the Polish Sudeten Foreland in the context of European fluvial archives

et al. 2018

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Detailed study of subsurface deposits in the Polish Sudeten Foreland, particularly with reference to provenance data, has revealed that an extensive preglacial drainage system developed there in the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, with both similarities and differences in comparison with the present-day Odra (Oder) system. This foreland is at the northern edge of an intensely deformed upland, metamorphosed during the Variscan orogeny, with faulted horsts and grabens reactivated in the Late Cenozoic. The main arm of preglacial drainage of this area, at least until the early Middle Pleistocene, was the Palaeo–Nysa Kłodzka, precursor of the Odra left-bank tributary of that name. Significant preglacial evolution of this drainage system can be demonstrated, including incision into the landscape, prior to its disruption by glaciation in the Elsterian (Sanian) and again in the early Saalian (Odranian), which resulted in burial of the preglacial fluvial archives by glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. No later ice sheets reached the area, in which the modern drainage pattern became established, the rivers incising afresh into the landscape and forming post-Saalian terrace systems. Issues of compatibility of this record with the progressive uplift implicit in the formation of conventional terrace systems are examined, with particular reference to crustal properties, which are shown to have had an important influence on landscape and drainage evolution in the region.

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“…In the uplifting reach upstream of the Great Hungarian Plain, through the Transdanubian Mountain Range, there seems to have been a terrace formed in most but not all late Middle-Late Pleistocene climate cycles, with both MIS 8 and 6 represented [3,109], as well as being marked by karstic levels within the limestone mountains [110]. Young, dynamic crust also extends throughout the tectonically active Mediterranean region, where terrace staircases, both marine and fluviatile, are found in Italy [17,116], Bulgaria-Greece [5,117,118], and Turkey-Syria [18,119,120]. Turkey straddles the boundary between Europe and Asia, and terrace sequences indicative of particularly rapidly uplifting crust have been detected here in the Mediterranean coastal region from the İskenderun Gulf, east of Adana, through Hatay and into the NW corner of Syria, in the region of Latakia [18].…”

Section: Example Eurasian Records From Areas Of Dynamic Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison with fluvial sequences, the sedimentary archives from other environments, such as caves and lakes, often represent shorter intervals of time; it is useful to cross-correlate these with fluvial sequences, using biostratigraphy and other proxies. Long sequences of marine terrace deposits are found in some coastal regions (e.g., [17]) and they can usefully be compared with nearby fluvial sequences, often representing interglacials, whereas the latter represent cold-stage aggradations [8,18]. In areas where loess sequences are well developed, often as 'overburden' above fluvial archives, these can be sources of complementary evidence, particularly from intercalated warm-climate palaeosols; as well as the famous occurrences in China [19][20][21], such sequences are well known from central Europe [22][23][24] and northern France (e.g., [25]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Crustal Properties on Patterns of Quaternary Fluvial Stratigraphy in Eurasia

2018

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Compilation of empirical data on river-terrace sequences from across Eurasia during successive International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) projects revealed marked contrasts between the records from different crustal provinces, notably between the East European Platform (EEP) and the Caledonian/Variscan/Alpine provinces of western/central Europe. Well-developed terrace staircases, often indicative of hundreds of metres of Late Cenozoic uplift/fluvial incision, are preserved in many parts of the European continent, especially westward of the EEP. In contrast, rivers within the EEP have extensive sedimentary archives that are not preserved as terrace staircases; instead, they form sets of laterally accreted sediment packages, never more than a few tens of metres above or below modern river level. There are parallels in Asia, albeit that the crust of the Asian continent has a greater proportion of tectonically active zones, at one extreme, and stable platforms/cratons at the other. The observed patterns point strongly to the mobility of lower-crustal material within younger provinces, where the continental crust is significantly hotter, as a key part of the mechanism driving the progressive uplift that has led to valley incision and the formation of river terraces: a process of erosional isostasy with lower-crustal flow as a positive-feedback driver. The contrast between these different styles of fluvial-archive preservation is of considerable significance for Quaternary stratigraphy, as such archives provide important templates for the understanding of the terrestrial record.

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River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): Patterns in relation to crustal type

Cited by 21 publications

References 108 publications

New insights on the predisposing factors and geomorphic response to the largest landslide on emerged Earth surface: the Seymareh rock slide - debris avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)

New insights on the predisposing factors and geomorphic response to the largest landslide on emerged Earth surface: the Seymareh rock slide - debris avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)

Drainage evolution in the Polish Sudeten Foreland in the context of European fluvial archives

The Influence of Crustal Properties on Patterns of Quaternary Fluvial Stratigraphy in Eurasia

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