Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies

DeVries, Paul

doi:10.1139/f97-090

Cited by 148 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fry, around the time of emergence, is considered to be the live stage most sensitive to high floods (Jensen and Johnsen 1999;Cattanéo et al 2002;Tetzlaff et al 2005) whereas egg scouring is thought to occur only with extreme events (Cattanéo et al 2002). However, only a slight increase in discharge could result in significant egg damage (Montgomery et al 1996) and high discharges during incubation time and emergence was found to be inversely related to year-class-strength of brown trout (DeVries 1997;Spina 2001;Cattanéo et al 2002). As scouring is, besides discharge, dependent on gravel size and bedform roughness (Montgomery et al 1996;Lapointe et al 2000) critical discharge is different for each stream.…”

Section: Effect Of Changes In Temperatures and High Discharge On Spawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After hatching, young alevin remain in the gravel until the yolk sac is used up and they emerge as 'fry' from the gravel. In case of severe riverbed clogging before spawning, eggs are either not spawned (Ortlepp and Murle 2003;Mathisen 1955in DeVries 1997 or insufficiently covered by gravel, with an increased risk for wash out with high floods (Everest et al 1987in DeVries 1997. As fines are usually transported downstream by currents during redd construction, the initial percentage of fines in the redd is often reported to be lower (e.g.…”

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background, aim, and scope Catch decline of freshwater fish has been recorded in several countries. Among the possible causes, habitat change is discussed. This article focuses on potentially increased levels of fine sediments going to rivers and their effects on gravel-spawning brown trout. Indications of increased erosion rates are evident from land-use change in agriculture, changes in forest management practices, and from climate change. The latter induces an increase in air and river water temperatures, reduction in permafrost, changes in snow dynamics and an increase in heavy rain events. As a result, an increase in river sediment is likely. Suspended sediment may affect fish health and behaviour directly. Furthermore, sediment loads may clog gravel beds impeding fish such as brown trout from spawning and reducing recruitment rates. To assess the potential impact on fine sediments, knowledge of brown trout reproductive needs and the effects of sediment on brown trout health were evaluated. Approach We critically reviewed the literature and included results from ongoing studies to answer the following questions, focusing on recent decades and rivers in alpine countries.-Have climate change and land-use change increased erosion and sediment loads in rivers? -Do we have indications of an increase in riverbed clogging?-Are there indications of direct or indirect effects on brown trout from increased suspended sediment concentrations in rivers or from an increase in riverbed clogging?Results Rising air temperatures have led to more intensive precipitation in winter months, earlier snow melt in spring, and rising snow lines and hence to increased erosion. Intensification of land use has supported erosion in lowland and prealpine areas in the second half of the twentieth century. In the Alps, however, reforestation of abandoned land at high altitudes might reduce the erosion risk while intensification on the lower, more easily accessible slopes increases erosion risk. Data from laboratory experiments show that suspended sediments affect the health and behaviour of fish when available in high amounts. Point measurements in large rivers indicate no common lethal threat and suspended sediment is rarely measured continuously in small rivers. However, effects on fish can be expected under environmentally relevant conditions. River bed clogging impairs the reproductive performance of gravel-spawning fish. Discussion Overall, higher erosion and increased levels of fine sediment going into rivers are expected in future. Additionally, sediment loads in rivers are suspected to have considerably impaired gravel bed structure and brown trout spawning is impeded. Timing of discharge is put forward and is now more likely to affect brown trout spawning than in previous decades. Conclusions Reports on riverbed clogging from changes in erosion and fine sediment deposition patterns, caused by climate change and land-use change are rare. This review identifies both a risk of increases in climate erosive forces and fine sedi...

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Changes In Temperatures and High Discharge On Spawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Excess bedload including fine and coarse sediments may bury redds, reducing water quality and entombing juvenile salmonids as they attempt to emerge (Lapointe et al 2000). Scour destroys redds, washing eggs downstream DeVries 1997;Lapointe et al 2000). Future study of chum salmon population decline and restoration alternatives in the Grays River should include identification of the nature, location, and extent of 1) successful chum salmon production and 2) threats to incubation success.…”

Section: 50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment Final Report 2006.

May¹,

McGrath²,

Geist

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment was funded to address degradation and loss of spawning habitat for chum salmon (Onchorhynchus keta) and fall Chinook salmon (Onchoryhnchus tshawytscha). In 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed lower Columbia River chum salmon as a threatened Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). The Grays River watershed is one of two remaining significant chum salmon spawning locations in this ESU. Runs of Grays River chum and Chinook salmon have declined significantly during the past century, largely because of damage to spawning habitat associated with timber harvest and agriculture in the watershed. In addition, approximately 20-25% of the then-remaining chum salmon spawning habitat was lost during a 1999 channel avulsion that destroyed an important artificial spawning channel operated by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Although the lack of stable, high-quality spawning habitat is considered the primary physical limitation on Grays River chum salmon production today, few data are available to guide watershed management and channel restoration activities. The objectives of the Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment project were to 1) perform a comprehensive watershed and biological analysis, including hydrologic, geomorphic, and ecological assessments; 2) develop a prioritized list of actions that protect and restore critical chum and Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Grays River based on comprehensive geomorphic, hydrologic, and stream channel assessments; and 3) gain a better understanding of chum and Chinook salmon habitat requirements and survival within the lower Columbia River and the Grays River.The watershed-based approach to river ecosystem restoration relies on a conceptual framework that describes general relationships between natural landscape characteristics, watershed-scale habitat-forming processes, aquatic habitat conditions, and biological integrity. In addition, human land-use impacts are factored into the conceptual model because they can alter habitat quality and can disrupt natural habitatforming processes. In this model (Figure S.1), aquatic habitat-both instream and riparian-is viewed as the link between watershed conditions and biologic responses. Based on this conceptual model, assessment of habitat loss and the resultant declines in salmonid populations can be conducted by relating current and historical (e.g., natural) habitat conditions to salmonid utilization, diversity, and abundance. In addition, assessing disrupted ecosystem functions and processes within the watershed can aid in identifying the causes of habitat change and the associated decline in biological integrity. In this same way, restoration, enhancement, and conservation projects can be identified and prioritized.A watershed assessment is primarily a landscape-scale evaluation of current watershed conditions and the associated hydrogeomorphic riverine processes. The watershed ass...

show abstract

“…A considerable amount of work has been conducted to determine factors that influence spawning site selection in salmonids. These factors include substrate size (Kondolf and Wolman 1993;Shepherd et al, 1986), stream slope (Montgomery et al, 1999), stream scouring (DeVries, 1997;Tripp and Poulin, 1986), stream velocity (Quinn, 2005), fine sediment Scrivener and Brownlee, 1989), dissolved oxygen (Chapman, 1988;Alderdice et al, 1958, Einum et al, 2002, and cover features, such as overhanging vegetation, woody debris, undercut banks, or small tributaries (Quinn, 2005).…”

Section: Bailey Fisheries and Oceans Canada Personal Communication)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface features not included in the traditional models such as slope and the associated potential for streambed scouring (Montgomery et al, 1999;DeVries, 1997;Tripp and Poulin, 1986) have also been shown to influence spawning site selection. Habitat features such as overhanging vegetation, woody debris, undercut banks, or small tributaries 29 have also been found to influence spawning site selection (McMahon et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning site selection and the influence of incubation environment on larval success in interior Fraser coho.

McRae¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies

Cited by 148 publications

References 35 publications

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment Final Report 2006.

Spawning site selection and the influence of incubation environment on larval success in interior Fraser coho.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About