Rn, He and CO2 soil gas geochemistry for the study of active and inactive faults

Lombardi, S.; Voltattorni, N.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.05.006

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, an earthquake is a direct result of enhanced tectonic activity and underground stress accumulation. The permeability of pathways is increased by the enhanced seismic activities, resulting in more significant gas migrating to the surface (Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010). In 2012, a total of 221 earthquakes (M L ≥ 1.8) were recorded in the capital area by the China Earthquake Data Center, whereas 131 earthquakes (M L ≥ 1.8) were recorded in the area in 2011 (Fig.…”

Section: Fault Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of soil gas can be affected by seismotectonic activity, rock types, porosity and composition of soil, meteorological parameters (e.g., temperature, precipitation and air moisture) and structural type (Hinkle, 1994;Toutain and Baubron, 1999;Fu et al, 2005Fu et al, , 2008Walia et al, 2008;Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010;Zhou et al, 2010). As meteorological parameters varied slightly between the two soil gas surveys (Fig.…”

Section: Fault Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lombardi and Voltattorni (2010) studied the geochemistry characteristics of Rn, He and CO 2 in soil gases in two Italian areas characterized by different seismotectonic activity, and found that, due to seismic activity favoring gas migration from the deep, the concentrations of soil gases were much higher in Colpasquale (a seismically active region) than the Campidano Graben, which is characterized by seismic quiescence. Before earthquakes, a sharp increase in soil Rn concentration in both sites, which are separately located in active and non-active tectonic zone of West Bengal, was reported by Ghosh et al (2011), but the average radon concentration was much higher in the Jalpaiguri site, which is located in an area of active tectonics, compared to the Kolkata site with nonactive tectonic zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Han

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The present work is proposed to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in soil gas Rn and CO 2 across the active faults in the capital area of China in order to understand fault activities and assess seismic hazard. A total of 342 soil gas sampling sites were measured twice in 2011 and 2012 along seven profiles and across four faults. The results of soil gas surveys show that, in each profile, due to the variation in gas emission rate, the concentrations of Rn and CO 2 changed in the vicinity of faults. Spatial distributions of Rn and CO 2 in the study areas were different from each other, which was attributed to soil types affecting the existence of Rn and CO 2 . Compared with the measurement result of 2011, the increasing amplitude of average concentration value of Rn and CO 2 in profiles in 2012 ranged from 30.2 to 123.4 % and 66.3 to 131.7 %, respectively, which were coincident with the enhancement of seismic activities in the capital area of China. Our results indicate that special attention with regard to seismic monitoring should be paid to the Xinbaoan-Shacheng Fault and the northeastern segment of the Tangshan Fault in the future.

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Section: Fault Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fault Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Han

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The elevation of radon (Rn) concentration in soil gas is known to be associated with and locate active faults (King et al, 1996;King, 1978;Al-Hilal and Al-Ali, 2010;Amponsah et al, 2008;Asumadu-Sakyi et al, 2010;Baubron et al, 2002;Burton et al, 2004;Font et al, 2008;González-Díez et al, 2009;Haerudin et al, 2013;Ioannides et al, 2003;Israel and Bjornsson, 1967;Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010;Papastefanou, 2010;Seminsky and Demberel, 2013;Swakon et al, 2004;Tanner, 1980;Utkin and Yurkov, 2010;Walia et al, 2008). Since then, soil radon gas geochemistry is considered as a quantitative method to study active faults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on active tectonic faults using soil radon gas method in Viet Nam

et al. 2017

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This paper presents the results of soil radon gas measurement in three areas, including Thac Ba and Song Tranh 2 hydropower plants, and the planned locations of the nuclear power plants Ninh Thuan 1&2 using solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) with the aim of clarifying the activity of tectonic faults in these areas. The activity of tectonic faults was assessed through radon activity index KRn (the ratio between anomaly and threshold), which was divided into 5 levels as follows ultra-high (K Rn > 10), high (10≥K Rn > 5), high (5≥K Rn > 3), medium (3≥K Rn > 2) and low (K Rn ≤2). Soil radon gas measurement results showed that in the radon gas concentrations in the Thac Ba hydropower plant area ranged from 72 Bq/m 3 to 273.133 Bq/m 3 and maximum radon activity index KRn reached 9.75 (high level). High K Rn indexes show Chay River fault active in recent time and the sub-meridian distribution of Rn anomalies suggested a right-slip motion of the fault. Rn concentrations in the Ninh Thuan 1&2 areas ranged from 6 Bq/m 3 to 52.627 Bq/m 3 , however, the K Rn indexes were mostly low (K Rn ≤3) and the highest value was only 3.42, suggesting that expression of activity of the tectonic faults in this region is not clear, even no expression of fault activity. In the Song Tranh 2 hydropower plant and adjacent areas, radon concentrations ranged from 29 Bq/m 3 to 77.729 Bq/m 3 and maximum K Rn index was 20.16 (ultra-high level). The faults having clearer activity expression are Hung Nhuong -Ta Vy, Song Tra Bong and some high order faults, especially the northwest -southeast segments of these faults or their intersections with the northwest -southeast faults. In addition, the high values K Rn in the mentioned intersections can be evidenced for the activeness of northwest -southeast faults at the present time. The studies on active faults using soil radon gas method were performed in areas with very different geological and structural features, but the results are well consistent with the results of previous investigations obtained by other methods. It confirmed the effectiveness and capability of soil radon gas geochemistry applying to study active tectonic faults.

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“…2) seismic reflection surveying and thermal infrared imagery (Lewelling et al, 1998), Seismic-reflection data were used to identify geologic features that could serve as potential conduits for surface water and groundwater exchange, and thermal infrared imaging techniques were applied to observe hot spring flow. 3) seepage investigations (Rosenberry et al, 2008), seepage meters are used to measure directly flow between surface water body and groundwater domain.and 4) soil gas mapping (Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010). As a more straightforward technique, soil gas mapping method are further investigated and developed in this context.…”

Section: Hydraulic Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential flow paths in a complex coal seam system

Ma¹

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Prior to commencing coal mining operations, measurements of permeable geological structures are an important task in the mine site exploration to facilitate the understanding of potential mining impacts on the adjacent river and groundwater systems. These potential environmental impacts are likely to be controlled predominately by preferential flow zones provided by faults and fractures, which are known to enhance the transport of gas and water. However, detailed mapping of these geological structures is rarely carried out in mining areas. In order to develop a feasible and rapid survey method, two field campaigns, involving soil gas mapping and gamma ray survey, were designed and carried out a at coal mine site in the Hunter River Valley, NSW, Australia. All measured parameters (radon, gamma ray and CO 2 ) revealed similar anomaly distribution patterns though measured by different techniques over different time periods (1.5 years elapsed between two field campaigns). Geophysical modelling (based on borehole logging results) and soil gas mapping were conducted independently, and both results indicated the existence of geological structures crossing the sampling region. Results of this study confirm the applicability of high intensity soil gas mapping methods for locating active tectonics faults covered by alluvium in the decametre scale. Additionally, compared with labour-intensive soil gas mapping methods, the gamma ray survey is capable of providing relatively reliable results in a fast and convenient way to cover a relatively large field site.The basic principles and controlling parameters for gas seepage from deep formations to the surface are not fully understood. In order to better understand gas transport mechanisms in the subsurface environment so that the soil gas mapping data can be better interpreted, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the flow of discrete microbubbles through a saturated porous medium as part of a rapid gas transport pathway from deep ground formations to the ground surface. During the experiments, bubbles, released from a point source, moved upward through a quasi-2D flume filled with transparent water-based gelbeads and formed a distinct plume that could be well captured by a calibrated camera. Outflowing bubbles were collected on the top of the flume using volumetric burettes for flux measurements. We quantified the scaling behaviour between the gas (bubble) release rates and various characteristic parameters of the bubble plume, including plume tip velocity, plume width and breakthrough time of plume front. The ii experiments also revealed circulations of ambient pore water induced by the bubble flow.Based on a simple momentum exchange model, we showed that the relationship between the mean pore-water velocity and gas release rate is consistent with the scaling solution for the bubble plume. These findings have important implications for studies of soil gas mapping and gas emission (including hydrocarbon gases) from deep ground formations as well as fund...

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Rn, He and CO2 soil gas geochemistry for the study of active and inactive faults

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Study on active tectonic faults using soil radon gas method in Viet Nam

Preferential flow paths in a complex coal seam system

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Rn, He and CO2 soil gas geochemistry for the study of active and inactive faults

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Rn and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Rn and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Study on active tectonic faults using soil radon gas method in Viet Nam

Preferential flow paths in a complex coal seam system

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Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China

Rn and CO<sub>2</sub> geochemistry of soil gas across the active fault zones in the capital area of China