RNA editing of wheat mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9: direct protein and cDNA sequencing.

Bégu, Dominique; Graves, Pierre‐Vincent; Domec, Christine; Arselin, Geneviève; Litvak, Simón; Araya, Alejandro

doi:10.1105/tpc.2.12.1283

Cited by 109 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The comparison between DNA and mRNA sequences of several mitochondrial genes showed some base changes in transcripts relative to the corresponding gene. In our laboratory we reached a similar conclusion by comparing the protein sequence of the subunit 9 (atp9) of the wheat mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATPase) and its corresponding gene Bégu et al 1990). …”

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confidence: 78%

RNA editing in plant mitochondria, cytoplasmic male sterility and plant breeding

Araya¹

1998

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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RNA editing in plant mitochondria is a post-transcriptional process involving the partial change of C residues into U. These C to U changes lead to the synthesis of proteins with an amino acid sequence different to that predicted from the gene. Proteins produced from edited mRNAs are more similar to those from organisms where this process is absent. This biochemical process involves cytidine deamination. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenotype generated by the incompatibility between the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes is an important agronomical trait which prevents inbreeding and favors hybrid production. The hypothesis that RNA editing leads to functional proteins has been proposed. This hypothesis was tested by constructing transgenic plants expressing a mitochondrial protein translated fom unedited mRNA. The transgenic "unedited" protein was addressed to the mitochondria leading to the appearance of mitochondrial dysfunction and generating the male sterile phenotype in transgenic tobacco plants. Male sterile plants were also obtained by expressing specifically a bacterial ribonuclease in the anthers. The economical benefits of artificially engineered male-sterile plants or carrying the (native) spontaneous CMS phenotype, implies the restoration to obtain fertile hybrids that will be used in agriculture. Restoration to fertility of transgenic plants was obtained either by crossing male-sterile plants carrying the "unedited" mRNA with plants carrying the same RNA, but in the antisense orientation or, in the case of plants expresing the ribonuclease, by crossing male-sterile plants with plants expressing an inhibitor specific of this enzyme. RNA editingGeneralities. The first time the word "RNA editing" was used, a dozen years ago, concerned the insertion or deletion of uridine residues in the mitochondrial RNAs of some trypanosomes. After that, RNA editing has been found in mitochondria and chloroplasts from land plants, in the mitochondria of some fungi, in the nuclear-cytoplasmic compartments from animal cells and in the genomes of some viruses. The RNA editing process involves in some cases the modification of residues in RNA or, in other cases, the insertion and/or deletion of nucleotides in messenger RNA (for some reviews see Adler and Hadjuk, 1994;Araya et al., 1994;Schuster and Brennicke, 1994;Scott, 1995;Smith et al., 1997;Stuart et al., 1997). The consequences of the RNA editing process are either the modification of the coded information for some amino acids or the generation of new initiation and/or termination codons. In organisms where RNA editing is active the protein sequence predicted from the gene may be different from that of the mRNA translated protein. While RNA editing is abondantly found in mitochondria and to a lesser extent in the chloroplast compartment of higher plants, it is not present in algae. RNA editing has also been descriibed in mitochondria from other organisms such as Physarum polycephalum, but not in yeast organelles. When detected in mammalian nuclear transcr...

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confidence: 78%

RNA editing in plant mitochondria, cytoplasmic male sterility and plant breeding

Araya¹

1998

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Complete mt genome sequences were reported for three lower taxa, Cycas taitungensis, a gymnosperm species (cycad) (Chaw et al, 2008) and two bryophyte species, Physcomitrella patens (moss) and Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) (Terasawa et al, 2007;Oda et al, 1992). The types of the prototype nucleotides at the cereal C-to-T and T-to-C transition sites and those of cycad, moss and liverwort at the corresponding sites were investigated, with those at A-to-G o x 3 1 1 3 0 -0 Subtotal ---10 8 3 10 7 1 0 Total ---120 100 43 78 46 Gualberto et al (1989, 1991) for nad3, nad4, cob, cox2, cox3, atp8 and rps12, Lamattina and Grienenberger (1991 for nad4, Lamattina et al (1993) for nad9, Pereira de Souza et al (1991) for nad5, Haouazine et al (1992) for nad6, Bonen et al (1994) for nad7, Zanlungo et al (1993) for cob, Gray (1989, 1990) for cox2, Begu et al (1990) and Araya et al (1992) for atp9, Faivre-Nitschke et al (2001) for ccmB, Bonnard and Grienenberger (1995) for ccmC, Gonzalez et al (1993) for ccmFN and rps1, Begu et al (1998) for matR, Zhuo and Bonen (1993) for rps7, Takvorian et al (1997) Totally, 326 cereal transition sites were examined (Table 9). Due to alignment difficulties, corresponding nucleotides could not be determined at 58 (18%), 176 (54%) and 171 (52%) sites in the comparisons with cycad, moss and liverwort, respectively.…”

Section: Total Bssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of wheat mitochondrial gene structure with special remarks on the origin and effects of RNA editing in cereals

et al. 2008

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We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of wheat mitochondrial genes with respect to their structural differentiation during organellar evolution, and to mutations that occurred during cereal evolution. First, we compared the nucleotide sequences of three wheat mitochondrial genes to those of wheat chloroplast, α-proteobacterium and cyanobacterium orthologs. As a result, we were able to (1) differentiate the conserved and variable segments of the orthologs, (2) reveal the functional importance of the conserved segments, and (3) provide a corroborative support for the α-proteobacterial and cyanobacterial origins of those mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, respectively. Second, we compared the nucleotide sequences of wheat mitochondrial genes to those of rice and maize to determine the types and frequencies of base changes and indels occurred in cereal evolution. Our analyses showed that both the evolutionary speed, in terms of number of base substitutions per site, and the transition/transversion ratio of the cereal mitochondrial genes were less than two-fifths of those of the chloroplast genes. Eight mitochondrial gene groups differed in their evolutionary variability, RNA and Complex I (nad) genes being most stable whereas Complex V (atp) and ribosomal protein genes most variable. C-to-T transition was the most frequent type of base change; C-to-G and G-to-C transversions occurred at lower rates than all other changes. The excess of C-to-T transitions was attributed to C-to-U RNA editing that developed in early stage of vascular plant evolution. On the contrary, the editing of C residues at cereal T-to-C transition sites developed mostly during cereal divergence. Most indels were associated with short direct repeats, suggesting intra-and intermolecular recombination as an important mechanism for their origin. Most of the repeats associated with indels were di-or trinucleotides, although no preference was noticed for their sequences. The maize mt genome was characterized by a high incidence of indels, comparing to the wheat and rice mt genomes.

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“…Since the number of editing sites is very high (> 500) in Arabidopsis mitochondria (Bentolila et al, 2008), for seven genes (nad3, atp9, ccb203, ccb206, ccb256, ccb382 and ccb452) it was not possible to select an oligo that did not include at least one RNA editing site (Table 1; bold underlined letters). For these genes, the oligos were selected after modification of the editing site(s) because proteins arising from unedited transcripts do not assemble into mitochondrial multi-subunit complexes (Begu et al, 1990;Grohmann et al, 1994;Lu and Hanson, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia up-regulates mitochondrial genome-encoded transcripts in <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots

Hameed

2015

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Plants are frequently exposed to limitations in oxygen availability during their lifetime. During evolution, they have developed a number of physiological and morphological adaptations to tolerate oxygen and other stress conditions. These include regulation of growth by gene expression and ATP generation. The regulation of nuclear genes after hypoxia and anoxia is well studied; however, the regulation of mitochondrial genes in response to oxygen stress has not been characterized to date. Therefore, we have established an Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome-specific microarray that accommodates probes for all mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and conserved open reading frames. Our analysis showed an up-regulation of mitochondrial transcripts in Arabidopsis roots after 48 h of hypoxia. Since no significant difference was detected in the expression of mitochondrial RNA polymerases or the mitochondrial DNA content per cell, we propose a transcriptional mode of induction of mitochondrial gene expression under hypoxia.

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RNA editing of wheat mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9: direct protein and cDNA sequencing.

Cited by 109 publications

References 23 publications

RNA editing in plant mitochondria, cytoplasmic male sterility and plant breeding

RNA editing in plant mitochondria, cytoplasmic male sterility and plant breeding

Evolutionary dynamics of wheat mitochondrial gene structure with special remarks on the origin and effects of RNA editing in cereals

Hypoxia up-regulates mitochondrial genome-encoded transcripts in <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots

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