RNA-seq Analysis of the BCG Vaccine in a Humanized Mouse Model

Wang, Jie; Mi, Jie; Liang, Yan; Wu, Xueqiong; Zhang, Junxian; Liu, Yinping; Wang, Lan; Xue, Yong; Shi, Yujie; Gong, Wenping; Wang, Xinru

doi:10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0035

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…We have analyzed the relationship between a history of BCG vaccination and LTBI and found that there was no significant relationship between a history of BCG vaccination and latent infection, as the protective effect of BCG generally lasts for 5–10 years. Although previous studies have shown that young women living in rural areas, those living in western China, and those without a history of BCG vaccination are more likely to develop severe TB ( 26 ), the protective effect of BCG in adults is poor ( 27 , 28 ). Hence, all collective living groups (students, workers, older adults living in nursing homes, and prisoners) should receive TB screening, and personnel without a latent infection should be revaccinated with BCG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LTBI-negative close contacts of tuberculosis are more likely to develop the disease: enlightenment and lessons from a cluster outbreak

Dong

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) prevention and control among groups living together, such as students, workers, older adults in nursing homes, and prisoners, present many challenges due to their particular age and environmental factors, which can make them more susceptible to TB clusters with significant societal impact. This study aimed to evaluate a TB cluster outbreak epidemic in a university and provide suggestions for improving TB control strategies for groups living together.MethodsPulmonary TB screening and close-contact investigation were conducted using acid-fast staining, sputum culture, GeneXpert testing, tuberculin skin testing (TST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and chest computed tomography (CT). GraphPad Prism 9.5.1 was utilized for data analysis. Collected epidemic data were comprehensively analyzed by rate comparison.ResultsThe TB cluster outbreak epidemic was identified with an index case confirmed positive. The initial screening was conducted on potential close contacts of the index case, and the TST’s positive rate (diameter ≥ 5 mm) and strong positive rate (diameter ≥ 15 mm) among these close contacts were 65.60% (21/32) and 34.40% (11/32), respectively. Moreover, the latent TB infection (LTBI) rate (diameter ≥ 10 mm) was 43.75% (14/32), and the IGRA’s positive rate was 9.30% (3/32). Chest CT scans did not reveal any abnormalities. Surprisingly, 5 of the close contacts developed active TB in the second screening, accompanied by changes from negative to positive TST and/or IGRA results, after 3 months of follow-up. Accordingly, we expanded the screening scope to include another 28 general contacts. We found that the positive rate (78.00%, 25/32), strong positive rate (50.00%, 16/32), and LTBI rate (62.50%, 20/32) of the 32 close contacts were significantly higher than those of the additional general contacts (28.00%, 8/28; 14.3%, 4/28; 25.00%, 7/28), as indicated by p < 0.05.ConclusionIn the event of an epidemic TB outbreak, it is essential to rapidly identify the source of infection and initiate timely screening of close contacts. The initial screening should be focused on individuals without LTBI, who are at higher risk of developing TB. In purified protein derivative-negative individuals living in groups, additional vaccination or revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin may help prevent cluster outbreaks of TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LTBI-negative close contacts of tuberculosis are more likely to develop the disease: enlightenment and lessons from a cluster outbreak

Dong

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Particularly, since 2020, there has been a surge in studies focusing on TB MEVs (3,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). In our previous study, we reported the method of correctly using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools to design TB MEVs and developed several novel MEVs based on these tools (15,17,18,20,35,36). This investigation successfully developed a novel MEV targeting TB by incorporating 13 helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes, 13 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, and 8 B-cell epitopes derived from 17 potential antigens of MTB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive approach to developing a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: from in silico design to in vitro immunization evaluation

Jiang,

Han,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionThe Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, currently used against tuberculosis (TB), exhibits inconsistent efficacy, highlighting the need for more potent TB vaccines.Materials and methodsIn this study, we employed reverse vaccinology techniques to develop a promising multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate, called PP13138R, for TB prevention. PP13138R comprises 34 epitopes, including B-cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T lymphocyte epitopes. Using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools, we assessed the physicochemical properties, structural features, and immunological characteristics of PP13138R.ResultsThe vaccine candidate demonstrated excellent antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility without any signs of toxicity or sensitization. In silico analyses revealed that PP13138R interacts strongly with Toll-like receptor 2 and 4, stimulating innate and adaptive immune cells to produce abundant antigen-specific antibodies and cytokines. In vitro experiments further supported the efficacy of PP13138R by significantly increasing the population of IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines in active tuberculosis patients, latent tuberculosis infection individuals, and healthy controls, revealing the immunological characteristics and compare the immune responses elicited by the PP13138R vaccine across different stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.ConclusionThese findings highlight the potential of PP13138R as a promising MEV candidate, characterized by favorable antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility, without any toxicity or sensitization.

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RNA-seq Analysis of the BCG Vaccine in a Humanized Mouse Model

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

LTBI-negative close contacts of tuberculosis are more likely to develop the disease: enlightenment and lessons from a cluster outbreak

LTBI-negative close contacts of tuberculosis are more likely to develop the disease: enlightenment and lessons from a cluster outbreak

A comprehensive approach to developing a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: from in silico design to in vitro immunization evaluation

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