RNA-seq analysis reveals an immunomodulatory peptide from highland barley activating RAW264.7 macrophages via TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of a low molecular weight polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vaucher and its structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity

“…Similar to the TLRs receptors, IL-17A activates downstream genes by stimulating NF-κB, and MAPK as well [75] . HBP has been reported to activate RAW264.7 macrophages through TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway [76] . NCEP stimulated RAW264.7 cells possibly by stimulating MAPK and TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathways to defend against foreign substances and various immune related diseases.…”