RNA-sequencing analysis of shell gland shows differences in gene expression profile at two time-points of eggshell formation in laying chickens

Khan, Samiullah; Wu, Shu‐Biao; Roberts, Juliet R.

doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5460-4

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first deep-sequencing analysis of the laying hens' uterus focused on cuticle deposition, which occurs just before oviposition. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study differ considerably from the results of previous studies that compared when an egg was in the uterus and when there was not [22][23][24]. We therefore believe that the experimental regimen applied here captures some of the unique events that are important at the very end of the egg forming process including those that result in cuticle deposition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Transcriptome analysis of the uterus of hens laying eggs differing in cuticle deposition

et al. 2020

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Background: Avian eggs have a proteinaceous cuticle. The quantity of cuticle varies and the deposition of a good cuticle in the uterus (Shell-gland) prevents transmission of bacteria to the egg contents. Results: To understand cuticle deposition, uterus transcriptomes were compared between hens with i) naturally good and poor cuticle and, ii) where manipulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal-oviduct axis produced eggs with or without cuticle. The highest expressed genes encoded eggshell matrix and cuticle proteins, e.g. MEPE (OC-116), BPIFB3 (OVX-36), RARRES1 (OVX-32), WAP (OVX-25), and genes for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, active transport and energy metabolism. Expression of a number of these genes differed between hens laying eggs with or without cuticle. There was also a high expression of clock genes. PER2, CRY2, CRY1, CLOCK and BMAL1 were differentially expressed when cuticle deposition was prevented, and they also changed throughout the egg formation cycle. This suggests an endogenous clock in the uterus may be a component of cuticle deposition control. Cuticle proteins are glycosylated and glycosaminoglycan binding genes had a lower expression when cuticle proteins were deposited on the egg. The immediate early genes, JUN and FOS, were expressed less when the cuticle had not been deposited and changed over the egg formation cycle, suggesting they are important in oviposition and cuticle deposition. The uterus transcriptome of hens with good and poor cuticle deposition did not differ. Conclusions: We have gained insights into the factors that can affect the production of the cuticle especially clock genes and immediate early genes. We have demonstrated that these genes change their expression over the period of eggshell formation supporting their importance. The lack of differences in expression between the uterus of hens laying eggs with the best and worse cuticle suggest the genetic basis of the trait may lie outside the oviduct.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Transcriptome analysis of the uterus of hens laying eggs differing in cuticle deposition

et al. 2020

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“…Structural formation is controlled by precise interactions between mineral and organic precursors, which are secreted by specialized oviduct cell populations under gene regulation [13,28]. Calcium is the major component of eggshell and many calcium transport genes (such as calbindin, ATP2B1, 2 and TRPV6) have been identi ed to be involved in the supply of calcium for mineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matrix plays a crucial role in modulating ultrastructure and mechanical properties of eggshell, as con rmed by in vitro and in vivo observations and by analogies with other biominerals [10,11]. Eggshell biomineralization is a highly complex process under precise control of genes and biological pathways in uterus [12,13]. More than 37 ion transporter genes (such as calbindin, ATP2A3, TRPV6 and CA2), which participate in the supply of ions and minerals for biomineralization, have been identi ed to establish the uterine ion transport model [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Uterine Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanism Underlying the Ultrastructure Differences of Eggshell in Young and Aged Laying Hens

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Lower eggshell quality in the late laying period leads to economic loss. It is a major threat to the quality and safety of egg products. Age-related variations in ultrastructure were thought to induce this deterioration. Eggshell mineralization is a highly complex process under precise regulation of genes and biological pathways in uterus of laying hens. Herein, we evaluated the physical, mechanical and ultrastructure properties of eggshell and conducted RNA sequencing to learn the transcriptomic differences in uterus between laying hens in the peak (young hens) and late phase (aged hens) of production. Results The declined breaking strength and fracture toughness of eggshell were observed in aged hen group compared to those in young hen group, accompanied with ultrastructure variations including the increased thickness of mammillary layer and the decreased incidence of early fusion. During the initial stage of eggshell formation, a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 125 upregulated and 58 downregulated) were identified in uterus of laying hens in the late phase in relative to those at peak production. The DEGs annotated to Gene Ontology terms related to antigen processing and presentation were downregulated in aged hens compared to young hens. The contents of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in uterus were higher in aged hens relative to those in young hens. Besides, the genes of some matrix proteins potentially involved in eggshell mineralization, such as ovalbumin, versican and glypican 3, were also differentially expressed between two groups. Conclusions Altered gene expression of matrix proteins along with the compromised immune function in uterus of laying hens in the late phase of production may conduce to age-related impairments of eggshell ultrastructure and mechanical properties. The current study enhances our understanding of the age-related deteriorations in eggshell ultrastructure and provides potential targets for improvement of eggshell quality in the late laying period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matrix plays a crucial role in modulating ultrastructure and mechanical properties of eggshell, as con rmed by in vitro and in vivo observations and by analogies with other biominerals [10,11]. Eggshell formation is a highly complex process under precise control of genes and biological pathways in uterus [12,13]. More than 37 ion transporter genes (such as calbindin, ATP2A3, TRPV6 and CA2), which participate in the supply of ions and minerals for eggshell formation, have been identi ed to establish the uterine ion transport model [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Uterine Transcriptome Analysis Reveals mRNA Expression Changes Associated with the Ultrastructure Differences of Eggshell in Young and Aged Laying Hens

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Lower eggshell quality in the late laying period leads to economic loss. It is a major threat to the quality and safety of egg products. Age-related variations in ultrastructure were thought to induce this deterioration. Eggshell formation is a highly complex process under precise regulation of genes and biological pathways in uterus of laying hens. Herein, we evaluated the physical, mechanical and ultrastructure properties of eggshell and conducted RNA sequencing to learn the transcriptomic differences in uterus between laying hens in the peak (young hens) and late phase (aged hens) of production.Results: The declined breaking strength and fracture toughness of eggshell were observed in aged hen group compared to those in young hen group, accompanied with ultrastructure variations including the increased thickness of mammillary layer and the decreased incidence of early fusion. During the initial stage of eggshell formation, a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 125 upregulated and 58 downregulated) were identified in uterus of laying hens in the late phase in relative to those at peak production. The DEGs annotated to Gene Ontology terms related to antigen processing and presentation were downregulated in aged hens compared to young hens. The contents of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in uterus were higher in aged hens relative to those in young hens. Besides, the genes of some matrix proteins potentially involved in eggshell mineralization, such as ovalbumin, versican and glypican 3, were also differentially expressed between two groups.Conclusions: Altered gene expression of matrix proteins along with the compromised immune function in uterus of laying hens in the late phase of production may conduce to age-related impairments of eggshell ultrastructure and mechanical properties. The current study enhances our understanding of the age-related deteriorations in eggshell ultrastructure and provides potential targets for improvement of eggshell quality in the late laying period.

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RNA-sequencing analysis of shell gland shows differences in gene expression profile at two time-points of eggshell formation in laying chickens

Cited by 32 publications

References 69 publications

Transcriptome analysis of the uterus of hens laying eggs differing in cuticle deposition

Transcriptome analysis of the uterus of hens laying eggs differing in cuticle deposition

Uterine Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanism Underlying the Ultrastructure Differences of Eggshell in Young and Aged Laying Hens

Uterine Transcriptome Analysis Reveals mRNA Expression Changes Associated with the Ultrastructure Differences of Eggshell in Young and Aged Laying Hens

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