RNA Sequencing Provides Insights into the Regulation of Solanesol Biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum Induced by Moderately High Temperature

Liu

et al. 2019

Biomolecules

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Cembranoids are carbocyclic diterpenes comprising four isoprene units and are natural products with a parent skeleton consisting of a 14-membered ring. They have gained wide interest in recent years and are a major hotspot in the research of natural product chemistry. Since 1962, various tobacco cembranoid diterpenes have been identified. This review systematically discusses and summarises the excellent antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. These compounds show potential to be developed as botanical fungicides, cytotoxic drugs and drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. Therefore, future studies should focus on their structural modification, SAR and biogenic relationships.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Bioactivities of Tobacco Cembranoid Diterpenes

Liu

et al. 2019

Biomolecules

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“…Solanesol plays a key role in the response of tobacco to biotic stresses caused by the TMV or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [31] and environmental factors such as moderately high temperature [4]. In a previous study, it was found that upon TMV or P. syringae pv.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Solanesol Accumulation In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solanesol, an aliphatic terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units, is mainly found in Solanaceae plants such as tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ), tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), and potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) [1,2,3,4,5]. As the chemical synthesis of solanesol is difficult due to its long carbon chains [6], solanesol is mainly obtained through extraction from solanaceous plants [1,2,3,4,7]. To the best of our knowledge, tobacco is the richest plant source of solanesol; among the various organs of tobacco plants, leaves possess the highest content of solanesol, followed by stems and roots [1,2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solanesol content of tobacco leaves are jointly determined by the major genes and polygenes, with the major genes being dominant, and is also influenced by environmental factors [10]. Pathogen infections, temperature, illumination, and agronomic measures influence solanesol accumulation in tobacco plants [1,2,3,4]. Notably, solanesol content in tobacco leaves is the main limiting factor for its extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, solanesol serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2, and the anticancer agent synergiser N -solanesyl- N , N ′-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) ethylenediamine (SDB) [1,8], and solanesol derivative micelles have been used in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs [17,18]. An economic crop widely planted in the world, tobacco has marked medical value because of its rich content of solanesol and other beneficial active ingredients [1,2,3,4,5]. Moreover, the extraction technology and determination methods of solanesol are the basis for further research, development, and application [5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactivities and Medicinal Value of Solanesol and Its Accumulation, Extraction Technology, and Determination Methods

Liu

et al. 2019

Biomolecules

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Solanesol, an aliphatic terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units, is mainly found in solanaceous plants. Particularly, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), belonging to the Solanaceae family, is the richest plant source of solanesol, and its leaves have been regarded as the ideal material for solanesol extraction. Since the discovery of solanesol in tobacco, significant progress has been achieved in research on solanesol’s bioactivities, medicinal value, accumulation, extraction technology, and determination methods. Solanesol possesses strong free radical absorption ability and antioxidant activity owing to the presence of several non-conjugated double bonds. Notably, solanesol’s anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities have been previously demonstrated. Solanesol is a key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2, and the anticancer agent synergiser N-solanesyl-N,N′-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) ethylenediamine. Other applications of solanesol include solanesol derivative micelles for hydrophobic drug delivery, solanesol-derived scaffolds for bioactive peptide multimerization, and solanesol-anchored DNA for mediating vesicle fusion. Solanesol accumulation in plants is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including biotic stresses caused by pathogen infections, temperature, illumination, and agronomic measures. Seven extraction technologies and seven determination methods of solanesol are also systematically summarized in the present review. This review can serve as a reference for solanesol’s comprehensive application.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Zizania latifolia provides insights into its seed shattering and phytocassane biosynthesis

Yang

et al. 2022

Commun Biol

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Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia; family: Gramineae) is a valuable medicinal homologous grain in East and Southeast Asia. Here, using Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a 547.38 Mb chromosome-level genome assembly comprising 332 contigs and 164 scaffolds (contig N50 = 4.48 Mb; scaffold N50 = 32.79 Mb). The genome harbors 38,852 genes, with 52.89% of the genome comprising repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed close relation of Z. latifolia to Leersia perrieri and Oryza species, with a divergence time of 19.7–31.0 million years. Collinearity and transcriptome analyses revealed candidate genes related to seed shattering, providing basic information on abscission layer formation and degradation in Z. latifolia. Moreover, two genomic blocks in the Z. latifolia genome showed good synteny with the rice phytocassane biosynthetic gene cluster. The updated genome will support future studies on the genetic improvement of Chinese wild rice and comparative analyses between Z. latifolia and other plants.