RNA synthesis in anucleate egg fragments and normal embryos of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata

Chamberlain, John P.

doi:10.1016/0005-2787(70)90019-5

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this species mitochondrial RNA-and DNA-synthesis is absent up to the gastrula stage when synthesis of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (but not 4S RNA) begins; mitochondrial DNA content and total mitochondrial mass begin to increase in the swimming tadpole (19) . In the sea urchin, mitochondrial RNA synthesis occurs both during normal cleavage and in activated nonnucleate fragments (16,17,20,39,71) ; however, mitochondrial DNA synthesis appears to be absent during early development (38,65) .…”

Section: Mitochondrial Differentiation In Control Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role interest for the study of mitochondrial genetic ac-tivity because of the presence of large amounts of mitochondrial DNA in these eggs as shown in frog (22), sea urchin (68), and echiuroid worm (25) . Biochemical evidence indicates that the mitochondrial DNA is transcribed during early development in sea urchins (16,17,20,39,71), but the role of this transcriptive activity is not clear . On the other hand, in frog eggs the mitochondrial genome may be inactive until gastrulation (19) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the Mitochondrial Genome During Early Development in Mice

Pikó

Chase

1973

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The role of the mitochondrial genome in early development and differentiation was studied in mouse embryos cultured in vitro from the two to four cell stage to the blastocyst (about 100 cells) . During this period the mitochondria undergo morphological differentiation : progressive enlargement followed by an increase in matrix density, in number of cristae, and in number of mitochondrial ribosomes . Mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer RNA synthesis occurs from the 8 to 16 cell stage on and contributes to the establishment of a mitochondrial protein-synthesizing system . Inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-and proteinsynthesis by 0 .1 µg/ml of ethidium bromide or 31 .2 ug/ml of chloramphenicol permits essentially normal embryo development and cellular differentiation . Mitochondrial morphogenesis is also nearly normal except for the appearance of dilated and vesicular cristae in blastocyst mitochondria . Such blastocysts are capable of normal postimplantation development when transplanted into the uteri of foster mothers. Higher concentrations of these inhibitors have general toxic effects and arrest embryo development . It is concluded that mitochondrial differentiation in the early mouse embryo occurs through the progressive transformation of the preexisting mitochondria and is largely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic system . Mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for the normal structural organization of the cristae in blastocyst mitochondria . Embryo development and cellular differentiation up to the blastocyst stage are not dependent on mitochondrial genetic activity .

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Section: Mitochondrial Differentiation In Control Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Mitochondrial Genome During Early Development in Mice

Pikó

Chase

1973

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…It has been shown that activated anucleate half-eggs can synthesize high molecular-weight RNA (Chamberlain 1970;Selvig et uI. 1970); in S. purpuratus, synthcsis of mRNA is known to occur in the mitochondria of heavy halves (Craig 19'70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate-Transport Appearance in the Sea-Urchin Egg. II. Analysis of the Genome Function with Centrifuged Eggs and Ethidium Bromide

Noüe¹

1974

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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DE LA N o~~E , 5. 1974. Phosphate-transport appearance in the sea-urchin egg. II. ~Znalysis of the genome function with centrifuged eggs and ethidiurn bromide. Can. 3. Physiol. Pharmacol. 52, 1186-1 191. Ethidiurn bromide, an inhibitor of n-mitothondrial transcription, inhibits pkocphate uptake, \laline incorporation, and tlridine incorporation in fertilized eggs of Str~rzgylocentrotus prrrpasrutus, the purple sca urchin. Phosphate uptake, valine incorporation, and valine influx are also inhibited by this drug in artificially activated nucleate and anucleate egg fragments. Ethidi~im bromide does not affect the egg respiration asid it has no measurable effect on ATP level and labeling. It is concl~mded that the postfertilization appearance of the phosphate-carrier system does not require the participatioil of the nuclear genome but that of the mitochondrial one. It is likely that the same proposal hold5 for the r2-eraline-transport system. Some effects of ethiditznl bromide on developnlent are exposed. DE LA NOUE, 9. 1974. Phosphate-transport appearance in the sea-urchin egg. IT. Analysis of the genome function with centrifuged eggs and ethidiurn bromide. Can. J. Physiol. Phrerrnacol. 52, 1186-1 191. accumulation du phosphate. 19incorpsration de la L-valine et celle de l'uridine sont inhibies lorsque les oeufs de l'oursin pourpre, Strongykocentrotus prtrpurutns, sont evposCs h l'action d9un inhibiteur de la transcription mitochondrienne, le bromure d'ethidium. Cet inhibitetar touche aussi 1';iccum~ilation du phosphate ainsi que l'incorpsriition et 1'accurnul:ation de B a 1,-valine par des fragments d'oeufs activCs artificiellernent, cp'ils soient nr~clCCs ou 6nucli6s. Par contre, le bromure dqCthidium reste sans effet sur Ia respiration des oeufs et m'entraine pas de changennent mesurable dans Ia tene~ar cellulalre en ATP ou d a m le marquage de cel~ai-ci. P,a conclusion qui se dCgugede ces r6sultats cst que I'apparition du vecteur pour le phosphate qui s~arvient aprPs la fecondation Ize fait pas appel au gCilSnle ntlcleaire mais dCpend du gin8me rnitochondrien. I1 sembBe bien qu'une situation analogue prCvaut pour le syshkrne de transport de la L-valine. Quelques effets du bromure d'dthidium sur le d6veloppernent embryonnaire sont aussi rapport&.

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Nucleic acid synthesis in preimplantation rabbit embryos. III. A “dark period” immediately following fertilization, and the early predominance low molecular weight RNA synthesis

Manes

1977

J. Exp. Zool.

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This report stems from efforts to characterize the products of transcription during the initial stages of cleavage in the rabbit embryo, since previous studies have suggested that RNA synthesis is required during this period for the continuation of normal development. Early cleaving embryos were exposed to radiolabeled precursors of nucleic acids in vitro and RNA extracted and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and BD-cellulose chromatography. No unequivocal evidence of RNA synthesis could be obtained during the first three cleavage divisions; all apparent "embryonic" RNA synthesis could be ascribed to contaminating follicle cells. After the fourth cleavage, however, there is readily detectable incorporation of radioisotope into RNA by embryos which have been denuded of follicle cells. Two-thirds of the cytoplasmic RNA labeled during a 4-hour period is 25-30 X 10(3) daltons in size, and some of this low molecular weight RNA can be aminoacylated and shown to be transfer RNA. A low level of ribosomal RNA synthesis is detectable at this stage. The contribution, if any, of the rabbit embryonic genome to development prior to the 16-cell stage remains to be defined.

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RNA synthesis in anucleate egg fragments and normal embryos of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Role of the Mitochondrial Genome During Early Development in Mice

Role of the Mitochondrial Genome During Early Development in Mice

Phosphate-Transport Appearance in the Sea-Urchin Egg. II. Analysis of the Genome Function with Centrifuged Eggs and Ethidium Bromide

Nucleic acid synthesis in preimplantation rabbit embryos. III. A “dark period” immediately following fertilization, and the early predominance low molecular weight RNA synthesis

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