RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems

Beljouw, Sam P. B. van; Sanders, Jasper; Rodríguez-Molina, Alicia; Brouns, Stan J. J.

doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00793-y

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…2 ) is that by invoking persistence (i.e., dormancy) through phage attack, back-up phage inhibition systems like restriction modification systems can degrade the phage genome since restriction enzymes do not require any resources from the cell for activity; i.e., Gibbs free energy is less than zero for phage DNA degradation due to the increase in entropy, so degradation of the phage genome can occur while the cells sleep. This general concept of allowing back-up DNA-targeting enzymes to function while the cell is dormant has been proposed for the type III/VI CRISPR-Cas systems 30, 44 and demonstrated while this work was being prepared for type VI CRISPR-Cas in Listeria spp. 47 ; however, the benefit of dormancy has not been suggested for the plethora of recently-discovered, non-CRSPR-Cas phage inhibition systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin/Antitoxin Systems Induce Persistence and Work in Concert with Restriction/Modification Systems to Inhibit Phage

Fernández‐García

Song

Kirigo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Myriad bacterial anti-phage systems have been described and often the mechanism of programmed cell death is invoked for phage inhibition. However, there is little evidence of "suicide" under physiological conditions for these systems. Instead of death to stop phage propagation, we show here that persister cells are formed and survive using the Escherichia coli C496_10 tripartite toxin/antitoxin system MqsR/MqsA/MqsC that degrades mRNA. Specifically, MqsR/MqsA/MqsC inhibited T2 phage by106-fold and reduced T2 titers by 500-fold. Further evidence of the formation of persister cells during T2 phage attack in the presence of MqsR/MqsA/MqsC include single-cell physiological changes: reduced metabolism (via flow cytometry) and heterogeneous resuscitation. Critically, we found the EcoKI restriction-modification system works in concert with the toxin/antitoxin system to inactivate phage, likely while the cells are in the persister state. Hence, phage attack invokes a stress response similar to that for antibiotics, starvation, and oxidative stress, which leads to persistence, and this dormant state likely allows restriction/modification systems to clear phage DNA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin/Antitoxin Systems Induce Persistence and Work in Concert with Restriction/Modification Systems to Inhibit Phage

Fernández‐García

Song

Kirigo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas) system is a natural adaptive immune defense system; many bacteria and archaea use it against foreign genetic element invasions, such as bacteriophages (van Beljouw et al 2023 ). Since it was recognized as a genome editing tool in 2012 (Gasiunas et al 2012 ; Jinek et al 2012 ), CRISPR/Cas system and its applications have been attracting unprecedented attentions from both academic and industrial communities, including pharmaceutical and biomedical companies.…”

Section: Crispr/cas System Has Quickly Expanded In the Last One Decadementioning

confidence: 99%

Craspase: A novel CRISPR/Cas dual gene editor

Huo

Shepherd

Pan

2023

Funct Integr Genomics

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“…These systems that recognize and target RNA include the type III-A and type III-B systems and other subtypes. Both have also been shown to stimulate non-specific, collateral RNA degradation and to have single-stranded DNase activity ( Makarova et al, 2011 ; Kolesnik et al, 2021 ; van Beljouw et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Summary Of the Crispr-cas Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas13: A new technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms

Huang

Fang

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Pathogenic microorganisms have major impacts on human lives. Rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools are urgently needed to facilitate the early treatment of microbial infections and the effective control of microbial transmission. CRISPR-Cas13 employs programmable RNA to produce a sensitive and specific method with high base resolution and thus to provide a novel tool for the rapid detection of microorganisms. The review aims to provide insights to spur further development by summarizing the characteristics of effectors of the CRISPR-Cas13 system and by describing the latest research into its application in the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms in combination with nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification, and product detection.

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RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems

Abstract: Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable).Please check the document version above.

Cited by 59 publications

References 160 publications

Toxin/Antitoxin Systems Induce Persistence and Work in Concert with Restriction/Modification Systems to Inhibit Phage

Toxin/Antitoxin Systems Induce Persistence and Work in Concert with Restriction/Modification Systems to Inhibit Phage

Craspase: A novel CRISPR/Cas dual gene editor

CRISPR-Cas13: A new technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms

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