RNAi-mediated gene silencing of Phlebotomus papatasi defensins favors Leishmania major infection

Kykalová, Barbora; Sassù, Fabiana; Volf, Petr; Telleria, Erich Loza

doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1182141

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The effects of AMPs on resistance to fungi have also been confirmed by directly silencing their expression profiles [49][50][51]. Defensin and abaecin have been shown to be regulated via both Toll and IMD signaling pathways, whereas hymenoptaecin is regulated via the IMD pathway [52,53]. Upon fungal infection in P. puparum, we observed highly induced expression profiles of AMPs, which were consistent with the elevated expression of genes related to immune pathways.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Yang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Both parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi are becoming increasingly crucial for managing pest populations. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the potential impact of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids due to their widespread pathogenicity and the possible overlap between these biological control tools during field applications. However, despite their importance, little research has been conducted on the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on parasitoids. In our study, we aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the interaction between the well-known entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the pupal endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum. Our results demonstrated that the presence of B. bassiana significantly affected the survival rates of P. puparum under laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana on P. puparum was dose- and time-dependent, as determined via through surface spraying or oral ingestion. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the immune system plays a primary and crucial role in defending against B. bassiana. Notably, several upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Toll and IMD pathways, which are key components of the insect immune system, and antimicrobial peptides were rapidly induced during both the early and late stages of infection. In contrast, a majority of genes involved in the activation of prophenoloxidase and antioxidant mechanisms were downregulated. Additionally, we identified downregulated DEGs related to cuticle formation, olfactory mechanisms, and detoxification processes. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the interactions between P. puparum and B. bassiana, shedding light on the changes in gene expression during fungal infection. These findings have significant implications for the development of more effective and sustainable strategies for pest management in agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Yang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…In sandflies, gene silencing via RNAi of Caspar [ 303 ] led to a reduction in the Leishmania population in the gut of L. longipalpis , while the knockdown of Relish (the transcription factor gene of the Imd pathway) resulted in the increase in Leishmania and bacteria in P. papatasi [ 304 ].…”

Section: Recognition Signalling and Priming In Vector Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Ratcliffe,

Mello,

Castro

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions of vector insects with their invading parasites and pathogens. It is a way of introducing this Special Issue with subsequent papers presenting the latest details of these interactions in each particular group of vectors. Hopefully, this paper will fill a void in the literature since brief descriptions of vector immunity have now been brought together in one publication and could form a starting point for those interested and new to this important area. Descriptions are given on the immune reactions of mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas and triatomine bugs. Cellular and humoral defences are described separately but emphasis is made on the co-operation of these processes in the completed immune response. The paper also emphasises the need for great care in extracting haemocytes for subsequent study as appreciation of their fragile nature is often overlooked with the non-sterile media, smearing techniques and excessive centrifugation sometimes used. The potential vital role of eicosanoids in the instigation of many of the immune reactions described is also discussed. Finally, the priming of the immune system, mainly in mosquitoes, is considered and one possible mechanism is presented.

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Relish involved in immunity and larval survival in the willow leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora

Liu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDInsects mainly rely on innate immunity against pathogen infection. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a worldwide leaf‐eating forest pest in salicaceous trees. However, the mechanisms of the immunodeficiency pathway (IMD) are still poorly understood.RESULTSIn this study, we obtained a Relish gene from our transcriptome analysis. Subsequently, the tissue and instar expression profiles were performed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The results showed that Relish has highly expressed levels in eggs, larvae and adults, and especially in fat bodies. The transcripts of the tested antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), defensin1, defensin2 and attacin2 were downregulated by dsRelish. Knockdown of Relish led to a higher mortality in larvae after Staphylococcus aureus infection. In addition, we performed the bacterial 16S rRNA‐based high throughput sequencing. The results showed that the relative abundance of some gut bacteria was significantly altered after dsRelish ingestion.CONCLUSIONThis study would help further to understand of IMD signaling pathway, facilitating functional studies of the Relish in P. versicolora. Moreover, genetic pest management technique might be develop using Relish as a lethal gene to control the pest of P. versicolora.

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RNAi-mediated gene silencing of Phlebotomus papatasi defensins favors Leishmania major infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Altered Gene Expression of the Parasitoid Pteromalus puparum after Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Infection

Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Relish involved in immunity and larval survival in the willow leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora

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