RNase III Nucleases and the Evolution of Antiviral Systems

Aguado, Lauren C.; tenOever, Benjamin R.

doi:10.1002/bies.201700173

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Receptor engagement activates signal transduction via the Jak/STAT pathway, leading to the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that work together to inhibit the cellular processes required by the virus to replicate and spread [ 22 ]. This narrow focus on vertebrates and model invertebrate species has given the impression that invertebrates use gene silencing by viRNAs to control virus replication, whereas vertebrates replaced this defense strategy with the IFN system [ 21 , 23 ].…”

Section: Antiviral Defense In the Animal Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, identifying virus-derived siRNAs, by high-throughput sequencing, would confirm whether C. gigas utilizes this antiviral pathway to control these viruses. This knowledge could help address the question of why the type I IFN response supplanted siRNA antiviral pathway as the dominant antiviral innate response in vertebrates [ 15 , 23 ]. In mammalian cells, evidence is mounting to suggest that the type I IFN and RNAi antiviral systems are incompatible with each other [ 21 ].…”

Section: Evolutionary Origins Of Antiviral Defense Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Defense and Innate Immune Memory in the Oyster

Green

Speck

2018

Viruses

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The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is becoming a valuable model for investigating antiviral defense in the Lophotrochozoa superphylum. In the past five years, improvements to laboratory-based experimental infection protocols using Ostreid herpesvirus I (OsHV-1) from naturally infected C. gigas combined with next-generation sequencing techniques has revealed that oysters have a complex antiviral response involving the activation of all major innate immune pathways. Experimental evidence indicates C. gigas utilizes an interferon-like response to limit OsHV-1 replication and spread. Oysters injected with a viral mimic (polyI:C) develop resistance to OsHV-1. Improved survival following polyI:C injection was found later in life (within-generational immune priming) and in the next generation (multi-generational immune priming). These studies indicate that the oyster’s antiviral defense system exhibits a form of innate immune-memory. An important priority is to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. This knowledge will motivate the development of practical and cost-effective treatments for improving oyster health in aquaculture.

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Section: Antiviral Defense In the Animal Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolutionary Origins Of Antiviral Defense Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Defense and Innate Immune Memory in the Oyster

Green

Speck

2018

Viruses

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“…Considering the various location and extent of bulges within the upper stem region of type II dual-gRNAs, these findings imply that the hybrid region does not undergo a strong selection pressure for recognition by RNase III. At least in part, this relative promiscuity, most likely, owes to the fact that RNase III is a highly conserved protein [49].…”

Section: Evolution Of Tracrrna: Random Walk Within the Stability Consmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics and evolution of trans-activating RNAs in Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems

et al. 2018

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Trans-activating CRISPR (tracr) RNA is a distinct RNA species that interacts with the CRISPR (cr) RNA to form the dual guide (g) RNA in type II and subtype V-B CRISPR-Cas systems. The tracrRNA-crRNA interaction is essential for pre-crRNA processing as well as target recognition and cleavage. The tracrRNA consists of an antirepeat, which forms an imperfect hybrid with the repeat in the crRNA, and a distal region containing a Rho-independent terminator. Exhaustive comparative analysis of the sequences and predicted structures of the Class 2 CRISPR guide RNAs shows that all these guide RNAs share distinct structural features, in particular, the nexus stem-loop that separates the repeat-antirepeat hybrid from the distal portion of the tracrRNA and the conserved GU pair at that end of the hybrid. These structural constraints might ensure full exposure of the spacer for target recognition. Reconstruction of tracrRNA evolution for 4 tight bacterial groups demonstrates random drift of repeat-antirepeat complementarity within a window of hybrid stability that is, apparently, maintained by selection. An evolutionary scenario is proposed whereby tracrRNAs evolved on multiple occasions, via rearrangement of a CRISPR array to form the antirepeat in different locations with respect to the array. A functional tracrRNA would form if, in the new location, the antirepeat is flanked by sequences that meet the minimal requirements for a promoter and a Rho-independent terminator. Alternatively, or additionally, the antirepeat sequence could be occasionally 'reset' by recombination with a repeat, restoring the functionality of tracrRNAs that drift beyond the required minimal hybrid stability.

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“…DUF283 acts as an annealer that assists hybridization between the complementary strands of nucleic acids [21]. The function of RNase III domain is to cleave dsRNA, leaving the 2 nt overhang at 3′ end of the product [22,23]. The N- or C-termini of dsRBDs participate in the regulation of the protein nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution and also have the capacity to bind to dsRNAs [24,25].…”

Section: Rnai Pathway Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Interference: A Natural Immune System of Plants to Counteract Biotic Stressors

Muhammad

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2019

Cells

110

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During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to defend the living transposable elements from pathogens. In response to such elements, plants activate a variety of defense mechanisms to counteract the aggressiveness of biotic stressors. RNA interference (RNAi) is a key biological process in plants to inhibit gene expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, using three different groups of proteins to resist the virulence of pathogens. However, pathogens trigger an anti-silencing mechanism through the expression of suppressors to block host RNAi. The disruption of the silencing mechanism is a virulence strategy of pathogens to promote infection in the invaded hosts. In this review, we summarize the RNA silencing pathway, anti-silencing suppressors, and counter-defenses of plants to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens.

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RNase III Nucleases and the Evolution of Antiviral Systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Antiviral Defense and Innate Immune Memory in the Oyster

Antiviral Defense and Innate Immune Memory in the Oyster

Comparative genomics and evolution of trans-activating RNAs in Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems

RNA Interference: A Natural Immune System of Plants to Counteract Biotic Stressors

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