RO-PRO desalination: An integrated low-energy approach to seawater desalination

Prante, Jeri L.; Ruskowitz, Jeffrey A.; Childress, Amy E.; Achilli, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.013

Cited by 176 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The energy recovery rate is variable during the day, depending on the number of vessels in operation in the PRO mode. According to Prante et al (2014), by using the same number of membranes in parallel for the RO and PRO, and with an RO recovery ratio of 0.4, the PRO energy recovery attains a value of 0.5 kWh/m 3 . An additional cost of 50 k$ was considered for the installation of additional control valves.…”

Section: Combined Ro-pro Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A scheme of a RO-PRO system is shown in Fig. 1c (Prante et al 2014). The concentrated brine stream at the exit of the RO subunit is first depressurized to approximately half of its pressure (e.g.…”

Section: A Combined Ro-pro Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implementation of new technologies and the integration of RO with renewable sources of energy represent the future trend in water treatment by osmosis (Charcosset 2009). In particular, the use of the brackish water of the desalination plant as the feeding effluent of a power plant based on Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) seems very promising, with a potential reduction of 40 % in the energy use connected with the water treatment (Prante et al 2014;Altaee and Sharif 2015;Zhu et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks

Carravetta

Fecarotta

Golia

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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Water scarcity and the poor quality of water resources are leading to a wider diffusion of desalination plants using the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process. Unfortunately, the cost of a cubic meter of fresh water produced by an RO plants is still high and many efforts are in progress to increase the efficiency of the membranes used in osmotic plants and to limit the energy required by the process. A further reduction of the energy cost could be obtained by an optimal operation of the desalination plant so reducing the hourly energy cost, or by coupling the RO plant with an energy production plant based on direct osmosis (Pressure Retarded Osmosis PRO). The economic viability of the desalination process has been analyzed until now without accounting for the integration of the RO plant with the existing water network. This analysis is developed in the present paper with reference to a hypothetical change of water supply in a real network, where a desalination plant is used to satisfy the fresh water demand. Several scenarios will be analyzed to assess the minimum cost of fresh water production and water supply to the network, including the use of energy recovery systems, such as an integrated use of RO and PRO processes, or the regulation of pressure at the network intake by a micro hydro power plant.

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Section: Combined Ro-pro Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Combined Ro-pro Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks

Carravetta

Fecarotta

Golia

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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“…Prante et al [28] considered a wide range of salinities, but their PRO model was set up in parallel flow configuration, which is always less efficient than the counterflow configuration [29], and the analysis used an average flux, which results in an inaccurate representation of the variations actually found in a module-scale system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production

et al. 2017

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Growing desalination capacity worldwide has made management of discharge brines an increasingly urgent environmental challenge. An important step in understanding how to choose between different brine management processes is to study the energetics of these processes. In this paper, we analyze two different ways of managing highly saline brines. The first method is complete separation with production of salts (i.e., zero-discharge desalination or ZDD). Thermodynamic limits of the ZDD process were calculated. This result was applied to the state-of-the-art industrial ZDD process to quantify how close these systems are to the thermodynamic limit, and to compare the energy consumption of the brine concentration step to the crystallization step. We conclude that the brine concentration step has more potential for improvement compared to the crystallization step. The second brine management method considered is salinity-gradient power generation through pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), which utilizes the brine's high concentration to produce useful work while reducing its concentration by mixing the brine with a lower salinity stream in a controlled manner. We model the PRO system coupled with a desalination system using a detailed numerical optimization, which resulted in about 0.42 kWh/m 3 of energy saving.

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“…Hybrid RO-PRO is one of the widely investigated configuration due to the inherently benefiting performance of the two processes [8]. Achilli et al carried out both numerical and experimental investigations on the hybrid RO-PRO plant [9,10]. The maximum power density of PRO can be approximately achieved up to 10 W/m 2 in the simulations of hybrid system by using virtual membrane [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant: Development and comparison of different techniques

Luo

Kiselychnyk

et al. 2016

Desalination

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. (2016) Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant : development and comparison of different techniques. Desalination,. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78938 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract:This paper presents two new methods for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant, including mass feedback control (MFC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). First, a brief overview of perturb & observe (P&O) and incremental mass resistance (IMR) control is given as those two methods have already demonstrated their merit in good control performance. Then, two new methods employing variable-step strategy, MFC and FLC, are proposed to address the trade-off relationship between rise-time and oscillation of P&O and IMR. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for finding the optimum parameters of membership functions of FLC. From the case-study of start-up of the PRO adopting MPPT control, MFC and FLC have shown faster convergence to the target performance without oscillation compared with P&O and IMR. These four MPPT techniques are further evaluated in case-studies of state transitions of the PRO due to operational fluctuations. It is proven that the MPPT using FLC and modified MFC has better performance than the other two methods. Finally, the paper reports a comparison of major characteristics of the four MPPT methods, which could be considered as guidance for selecting a MPPT technique for the PRO in practice. IntroductionPressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising method which is potentially capable of producing power and processing water simultaneously because of its nature of combination of the water treatment and renewable energy generation. In other words, it can be used as not only a clean energy generator, but also a water treatment to recycle water. In a PRO plant, chemical potential between the two salinities is converted to hyd...

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RO-PRO desalination: An integrated low-energy approach to seawater desalination

Cited by 176 publications

References 34 publications

Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks

Optimization of Osmotic Desalination Plants for Water Supply Networks

Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant: Development and comparison of different techniques

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