Road energy consumption, economic growth, population and urbanization in Egypt: cointegration and causality analysis

Energy Consumption and Trade Openness Nexus in Egypt: Asymmetry Analysis

“…Further, GDPCN t has also a positive parameter and we may conclude that decreasing economic growth is helping in decreasing the energy consumption. The positive relationship of energy consumption and economic growth is in line with the findings of Abdel-Khalek [4], Ibrahiem [7], Kwakwa [8] and Ibrahiem [6] and oppose the finding of no-relationship reported by Sharaf [5]. The effects of both increasing and decreasing economic growth are found positive but the magnitudes of effects are not the same.…”

“…In the disaggregated analyses, uni-directional causality is found from economic growth to the oil and electricity consumption. Ibrahiem [6] confirm unidirectional relation from road energy usage to urbanization and also bi-directional relationships in the road energy usage and income.…”

“…Considering the theoretical relationship between energy consumption and trade, it seems important to inquire the effect of trade on the energy consumption of Egypt. Although, Egyptian literature has focused on the effect of economic growth on the total energy consumption [4,5], on the road energy consumption [6] and on the electricity consumption [7,8]. Moreover, some studies also analyze the effect of trade on the electricity consumption [8] and on the CO 2 emissions [9].…”

The long-run relationships between transport energy consumption, transport infrastructure, and economic growth in MENA countries

“…Almost all of them demonstrate the existence of a positive long-run relationship between the variables. Such studies include Kazim (2007) for the United Arab Emirates, Ceylan et al (2008) and Ozturk and Acaravci (2013) for Turkey, Farhani and Ben Rejeb (2012) for the MENA region, Al-Ghandoor et al (2012) forJordan, Omri (2013) for 14 MENA countries, Salahuddin and Gow (2014) for Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Ben Jebli and Ben Youssef (2015) for Tunisia, Magazzino (2016a) for 10 Middle East countries, Magazzino (2016b) for Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and Ibrahiem (2017) for Egypt. Akkemik and Göksal (2012), Achour and Belloumi (2016), Anam et al (2016), Pablo-Romero and De Jesús (2016), and Tsekeris (2017) examine the interrelationship among economic growth, transport and energy consumption.…”

“…Similarly, numerous research studies investigate the strong relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth. For example, Yeaple and Golub (2007), Anam et al (2016), Brida et al (2016), Ibrahiem (2017), Maparu and Mazumder (2017) note that transport infrastructure affects economic growth by boosting economic activity in developing and developed countries. In fact, transport infrastructure motivates firms and people to install in the periphery, which increases the urbanization and spatial distribution of households and activities.…”