Road traffic fatalities in selected governorates of Iraq from 2010 to 2013: prospective surveillance

Leidman, Eva; Maliniak, Maret L.; Sultan, Abdul-Salam Saleh; Hassan, Ahmed; Hussain, Syed Jaffar; Bilukha, Oleg

doi:10.1186/s13031-016-0070-0

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This increase coincided with the emergence of the Islamic State. This trend is consistent with that documented by other sources, both in Baghdad and Iraq nationally, which demonstrated relatively low numbers of conflict deaths from 2010 through 2012 with a subsequent increase in mortality in 2013 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Data from the Global Burden of Disease study suggest that Iraq was second only to Syria in 2014 in terms of overall conflict mortality [15,24,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…While these sources differ on the exact number of civilian deaths, all show that conflict-related deaths increased from 2003 to around 2007 then decreased in 2008, corresponding with increased US troop presence [1]. This decrease continued through the US military withdrawal in 2010 with relatively low levels of conflictrelated deaths through 2012 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury-related deaths before and during the Islamic State insurgency – Baghdad, Iraq, 2010–2015

et al. 2020

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Background: Following a period of low intensity conflict during 2009-2012, the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (or Islamic State) in 2013 was associated with a resurgence of violence in Baghdad, Iraq's capital and largest city. We evaluated trends in injury-related deaths in Baghdad before and during the Islamic State insurgency. Methods: Iraqi National Injury Mortality Surveillance System prospectively collects information on fatal injuries from governorate coroner offices using standardized reporting forms. Trained coroner clerks collect information on victim demographics, intention of injury and mechanism of injury during medical examinations using reports from police and families. We analyzed data on all deaths reported by the Baghdad Forensic Institute from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015.Results: There were 17,555 injury-related deaths with documented intent and mechanism (range 2385-3347 per year): 6241 from gunfire (36%), 1381 explosions (8%), 1348 non-gunfire assaults (8%), 3435 traffic accidents (20%), and 5150 other unintentional injuries (29%). Rates of gunfire (23.45 per 100,000) and explosion (5.90 per 100,000) deaths were significantly higher in 2014 than in all other years during the review period (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). During the same period from 2010 to 2015, traffic accident deaths declined significantly from 13.29 to 6.35 (p = 0.002), with declines observed primarily among pedestrians. Trends in the rate of non-gunfire-assault and unintentional deaths, comparing 2010 and 2015, were not significant (p = 0.12 and p = 0.63, respectively). Unintentional deaths were mostly attributed to burns (46%) and electricity-related injuries (31%). The proportion of both females and children was highest in unintentional injury deaths. Conclusions: During the study period, deaths from both gunfire and explosions in Baghdad peaked in 2014, corresponding with emergence of the Islamic State. Trends suggest a potential impact of insurgency-related activity on other injuries as evidenced by a decrease in the death rate from traffic accidents. The decreased traffic-related death rate could be from decreased vehicle and pedestrian activity during times of violence. Monitoring trends in injury mortality during conflict allows Iraq to identify priority injury causes to inform public health interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury-related deaths before and during the Islamic State insurgency – Baghdad, Iraq, 2010–2015

et al. 2020

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“…The objective of this expert system was to reduce the number of RTAs. Leidman et al [9] investigated deaths due to the RTAs from January 2010 through December 2013 in several Iraqi governorates: Baghdad, Al-Anbar, Basrah, Erbil, Kerbala, Maysan, Ninevah, and Al-Sulaimaniya. These authors used RTA data obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Health (MoH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Baghdad

Albayati

Lateef

2019

Civ Eng J

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Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are events that suddenly, inadvertently and unexpectedly occur under unforeseen circumstances that involve at least one moving vehicle and result in one or more road users being killed or injured. Unfortunately, Iraqi governorates suffer from higher rates of traffic accident casualties compared with the rates of casualties from terrorist attacks; this situation reveals a serious and growing problem. Road traffic accidents are not easy to eradicate. However, their prevalence can be reduced to the barest minimum via periodic assessments of traffic accident characteristics and the most important aspects for road authorities to consider when designing and evaluating the performance of a road to improve traffic and road users’ safety.Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to evaluate traffic accidents in Baghdad using a retrospective analysis of accidents that occurred from 2006–2016 taking into consideration the following parameters: the cause of the accident, the genders of the victims, the number and type of vehicles involved in the accident, the time of the accident, the severity of the accident, the type of accident and the age group of the driver(s). The data were been obtained from the Central Statistical Organization in the Ministry of Planning. The results reveal that 12,019 RTAs occurred in the city of Baghdad; on average, 1,092 RTAs occurred each year. Twenty-two percent of the RTAs resulted in death, 67% resulted in injury and 6% resulted in both deaths and injuries. Only 4% of the RTAs resulted in property damage without victims. To this end, Baghdad has the highest prevalence of RTAs of all Iraqi governorates. These results provide scientific evidence to mobilize road authorities to effectively and urgently develop adequate traffic strategies and policies to reduce the epidemic of RTAs in Baghdad as well as other Iraqi governorates.

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“…Road traffic accidents (RTA) epidemic is costing humanity more than five million deaths annually, and more victims of disability and handicap. Iraq is within the belt of moderate to high incidence rates of RTA 18 . Males are exposed to traumas more than females as they represent the principal victims of the main trauma type (road traffic accidents).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

War-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence among undergraduate students in Iraq in 2010

Mousawi

2017

Iraqi J. Public Health

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Objectives: Determining the prevalence rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among undergraduate students in the University of Kerbala in Iraq and its association with students' demographic variables. Methods:A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among one third undergraduate students in the University of Kerbala in Iraq in 2010 (5446 students). The questionnaire used depended on a reliable and valid source PTSD check list-civilian (PCL-C) questionnaire. Results:The internal reliability of the 17 questions about PTSD symptoms in the PCL-C section was high (Cronbach's α was 0.90). More than three quarters (79%) of the undergraduate students reported life-time exposure to trauma, and this was significantly more among males (15% higher). Road traffic accidents formed the majority of accidents (71%) while war-related traumas were reported in about one fifth of the participants. On the contrary, PTSD prevalence was low (3%), and it was more common among female and younger students, however, PTSD symptoms were common (>30%). The reasons behind low PTSD prevalence in Iraq and surrounding countries might be related to sociocultural factors and higher population resilience. Finally, a prediction model suggested through structural equation modelling incorporating all potential predictors showed gender as the sole significant predictor. Conclusion:Four fifths of undergraduate students were exposed to life-time trauma mostly road traffic accidents, and these were more among males. War-related trauma was also prevalent among one third; however, PTSD was at a much lower prevalence and more in females. Accident management premises should keep mental drawbacks in mind on treating violence victims.

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Road traffic fatalities in selected governorates of Iraq from 2010 to 2013: prospective surveillance

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Injury-related deaths before and during the Islamic State insurgency – Baghdad, Iraq, 2010–2015

Injury-related deaths before and during the Islamic State insurgency – Baghdad, Iraq, 2010–2015

Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Baghdad

War-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence among undergraduate students in Iraq in 2010

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