Road traffic injuries in Baghdad from 2003 to 2014: results of a randomised household cluster survey

Stewart, Barclay T; Lafta, Riyadh; Cherewick, Megan; Shatari, Sahar A. Esa Al; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Hagopian, Amy; Galway, Lindsay P.; Takaro, Tim K.; Burnham, Gilbert; Kushner, Adam L.; Mock, Charles

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041707

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In 2015 the rate was 20/100,000, 31 with 60% of the survivors developing permanent disabilities that in turn affected their living and socioeconomic status. 32 A study in Iraq in 2013 revealed a RTA fatality rate of 8.6 to 10.7 per 100,000, of whom 78.2 % were males and 28.5 % were children. 29…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidents in Iraq during the period of conflict (2003–2016)

Hussain

Lafta

2020

Qatar Medical Journal

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Background: Injuries are increasingly recognized as a major component of the global burden of disease, as they tend to affect mainly youth and are usually followed by premature death or severe disability. The longstanding conflict in Iraq has resulted in a situation of continuous violence and ongoing instability, which has in turn led to an increasing incidence of injuries and a crippled health system. Objective: To sketch a trend of non-military accidents in Iraq (road traffic accidents [RTA], falls, burns, firearm injuries, assaults by sharp objects and sexual assaults) among civilians during the last 14 years associated with the period of conflict (2003–2016). Methods: This descriptive study was conducted during the period from January 1st through to December 31st, 2017 using already available surveillance data from the Ministry of Health in Iraq. The methodology was based on measuring the incidence of each accident for the period from 2003 through 2016 and plotting it against time. Linear regression was computed to estimate the trends of the disease. Results: The rate of RTAs significantly increased between 2003 and 2016, from 1.85 to 2.9 per 1000 (p ≤ 0.01), as did accidental falls especially after 2008 (males more than females) (p ≤ 0.01). By contrast, after a peak in 2011, burns dropped significantly from 4.19 to 3.42/1000, along with firearm accidents, which fell from 2.2/1000 in 2007 to 0.39 in 2016 (p ≤ 0.01), mostly among males. Assaults with sharp objects also decreased with time to a rate of 0.47/1000 (p = 0.0001). Sexual assaults showed a significant downward sloping trend over time to p = 0.037. Conclusion: Accidents still add a burden on the already deteriorated Iraqi health system. Understanding the impact of this burden is essential to better prepare for future plans and interventions that may help improve the quality of health services.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidents in Iraq during the period of conflict (2003–2016)

Hussain

Lafta

2020

Qatar Medical Journal

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“…The 2016 global EM articles selected for full review are listed in Table 4. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Nineteen articles were selected for inclusion, of which 15 (79%) were categorized as emergency care, three (16%) were categorized as development, and one (5%) was categorized as disaster response articles. Eighteen (95%) articles were original research manuscripts and one (5%) was a review article.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-scoring articles this year described barriers to emergency medical services use in India, 31 the significant increase in road traffic accidents and injuries in postinvasion Iraq, 29 and the limited implementation of the World Health Organization's trauma guidelines. 21 In terms of trauma care, a study by Chattopadhyay et al 19 found that a novel and low-cost dressing performed as well as Xeroform in vitro and in vivo for management of burn wounds, providing a new option for practitioners in resource-limited environments who manage victims of trauma and burns.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2016

Becker

Hansoti

Bartels

et al. 2017

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts an annual search of peerreviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most important new research in this field to a global audience of academics and clinical practitioners.Methods: This year 13,890 articles written in four languages were identified by our search. These articles were distributed among 20 reviewers for initial screening based on their relevance to the field of global EM. An additional two reviewers searched the gray literature. All articles that were deemed appropriate by at least one reviewer and approved by their editor underwent formal scoring of overall quality and importance. Two independent reviewers scored all articles.Results: A total of 716 articles met our inclusion criteria and underwent full review. Fifty-nine percent were categorized as emergency care in resource-limited settings, 17% as EM development, and 24% as disaster and humanitarian response. Nineteen articles received scores of 18.5 or higher out of a maximum score of 20 and were selected for formal summary and critique. Inter-rater reliability testing between reviewers revealed Cohen's kappa of 0.441. Conclusions:In 2016, the total number of articles identified by our search continued to increase. The proportion of articles in each of the three categories remained stable. Studies and reviews with a focus on infectious diseases, pediatrics, and the use of ultrasound in resource-limited settings represented the majority of articles selected for final review. identify and consolidate the relevant global EM literature into a format that is readily available to academics and practitioners. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] This year, our panel of reviewers and editors included physicians from Canada, Ethiopia, Ghana, Singapore, and the United States. T he Global EmergencyOur group strives to identify the most relevant practice changing articles, by scouring both the peerreviewed and gray literature via a comprehensive search strategy. Gray literature has been defined as any material produced by an organization whose primary function is not peer-reviewed academic publication. 12Our goal in performing a gray literature search is to identify new global EM research conducted by government agencies, local or international nongovernmental organizations, or other entities that may not have published in peer-reviewed journals.The primary goals of the review are to illustrate best practices, stimulate research, and promote further professionalization in the field of global EM through the identification of important new publications that focus on emergency care in the global context, including care provision in limited-resource settings, disaster and humanitarian response, and the development of EM as a clinical discipline throughout the world. At the same time, it is important to note that this review is not a formal systematic review or meta-analysis, as it does not aim to synthesize th...

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“…In addition, earlier endeavors have mentioned Bangladesh as a low middle-income country and the pedestrians are at high risk of getting involved in RTA. [ 33 34 35 ] Some studies have identified motorcyclists are at high risk of getting involved in RTA;[ 10 11 15 36 37 ] perhaps, the situation is similar in Bangladesh. However unfortunately, the knowledge and awareness about traffic rules among the motorcyclists are very poor in Bangladesh and the commercial vehicle drivers are in the second position of the row.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviewing various literature from different countries, it significantly showed that in developing countries, people in the age group of 15–44 years, especially the males are carrying out a greater share of the burden of RTA across different times. [ 10 11 12 13 ] The motorcycle is the most vulnerable vehicle along with bus and truck, and pedestrians and passengers are the main sufferers[ 14 15 ] in RTA. Various studies have previously demonstrated that there are many reasons that affect RTA, such as violating traffic laws and signals, novice drivers, excessive speed, faulty road and management, and lack of knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh: Why people have poor knowledge and awareness about traffic rules?

Islam

Khan

Hossain

et al. 2020

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

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Purpose: The study aimed to identify the characteristics of road traffic accident (RTA) and to determine the role of different socioeconomic and demographic factors on the knowledge and awareness about traffic rules among people in Bangladesh. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: To conduct this study, 700 primary data were collected from respondents who were involved in RTA by interviewing in medical college hospitals and several private clinics of Dhaka, Rajshahi, and Khulna division in Bangladesh. For the achievement of the objective, the Chi-square test, Cramer's V correlation, and the logistic regression model have been applied in this study. Results: Traffic rules violation was identified as the second-most important reason behind RTA. Respondent's age, gender, residence, education, occupation, awareness about RTA, etc., were significantly associated with having knowledge and awareness about traffic rules. The result of multivariate analysis showed that respondent's age (<30: odds ratio [OR] = 2.019, confidence interval [CI]: 1.377–2.960); residence (rural: OR = 0.288, CI: 0.193–0.431); education (literate: OR = 5.064, CI: 3.332–7.698); and categories of victims (driver: OR = 2.731, CI: 1.676–4.450 and passenger: 1.869, CI: 1.198–2.916) were the vital predictors of having knowledge and awareness about traffic rules. Conclusions: By imposing strict traffic act, increasing public awareness through various types of education and awareness/outreach about traffic rules-related program, especially in rural areas, by strictly prohibiting the license giving to unskilled drivers or unfit vehicles, RTA can be minimized.

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Road traffic injuries in Baghdad from 2003 to 2014: results of a randomised household cluster survey

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Accidents in Iraq during the period of conflict (2003–2016)

Accidents in Iraq during the period of conflict (2003–2016)

Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2016

Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh: Why people have poor knowledge and awareness about traffic rules?

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