Road transportation affects blood hormone levels and lymphocyte glucocorticoid and β-adrenergic receptor concentrations in calves

Influência do transporte e mudança de local de manejo nas variáveis fisiológicas e produtivas de cabras Alpinas

“…1 Animais transportados por longas distâncias e realocados em um novo ambiente apresentaram alterações importantes nos níveis de cortisol (Pearson e Kilgour, 1980;Odore et al, 2004;Ishiwata et al, 2008). Assim, o aumento observado nas concentrações de cortisol após o transporte indica que esse manejo é muito estressante para os animais (Grigor et al, 1997;Adamante et al, 2008), comparável a outros tipos de estresse causados pelo manejo (Blackshaw, 1984;Paiva et al, 2006).…”

Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease

“…Following transportation, decreased cortisol or cortisol concentration approaching that of pre-transportation levels was observed in a number of studies (Murata et al, 1987;Knowles, 1999;Odore et al, 2004). After transporting cattle (4 to 6 months old) for 4 and 14 h, the plasma cortisol concentration recovered rapidly following 4 and 24 h, respectively (Odore et al, 2004).…”

“…A decrease in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and β-adrenergic receptor (a catecholamine receptor) expression in lymphocytes has been observed, and measurement of these receptors has been suggested as a more reliable indicator of stress than measurement of their corresponding stress hormones (Odore et al, 2004). Circulating cortisol as an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is the most commonly utilised measurement, and increases have been observed in nearly all transportation studies of cattle as compared with pre-transportation concentrations or those obtained from non-transported counterparts (Simensen et al, 1980;Murata et al, 1987;Warriss et al, 1995;Arthington et al, 2003;Odore et al, 2004;Buckham Sporer et al, 2007;Gupta et al, 2007;Schwartzkopf-Genswein et al, 2012).…”

“…Circulating cortisol as an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is the most commonly utilised measurement, and increases have been observed in nearly all transportation studies of cattle as compared with pre-transportation concentrations or those obtained from non-transported counterparts (Simensen et al, 1980;Murata et al, 1987;Warriss et al, 1995;Arthington et al, 2003;Odore et al, 2004;Buckham Sporer et al, 2007;Gupta et al, 2007;Schwartzkopf-Genswein et al, 2012). The magnitude of the cortisol response has been related to the pre-transport rearing conditions (farm facility and market), age of cattle transported, loading, duration of the journey, unloading and post-transport lairage conditions.…”

“…After transporting cattle (4 to 6 months old) for 4 and 14 h, the plasma cortisol concentration recovered rapidly following 4 and 24 h, respectively (Odore et al, 2004). However, given optimal husbandry management, it has been suggested that a 24 h period in a lairage is necessary for adequate physiological recovery of biological variables to pre-transport baseline levels in animals after transport (Knowles, 1999;Earley et al, 2013).…”