Road vehicle emissions of molecular hydrogen (H2) from a tunnel study

Vollmer, Martin K.; Juergens, N.; Steinbacher, Martin; Reimann, Stefan; Weilenmann, Martin; Buchmann, B.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.037

Cited by 45 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The higher winter ratio could also be attributed in a small part to lower loss rates by photochemical processing. Table 1 shows that the H 2 : CO ratios of 0.21, 0.20 and 0.15 calculated using baseline removed data for all seasons, winter and summer respectively are significantly lower than many other literature values (Novelli et al, 1999;Simmonds et al, 2000;Barnes et al, 2003;Steinbacher et al, 2007;Vollmer et al, 2007;Hammer et al, 2009). It must however, be highlighted that none of the other studies in Table 1 have subtracted baseline mole fractions of H 2 or CO prior to calculation of H 2 : CO ratios.…”

Section: Observed H 2 To Co Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 57%

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Continuous high-frequency measurements of atmospheric molecular hydrogen have been made at Mace Head atmospheric research station on the west coast of Ireland from March 1994 to December 2008. The presented data provides information on long term trends and seasonal cycles of hydrogen in background northern hemispheric air. Individual measurements have been sorted using a Lagrangian dispersion model to separate clean background air from regionally polluted European air masses and those transported from southerly latitudes. No significant trend was observed in background northern hemispheric air over the 15 year record, elevations in yearly means were accounted for from large scale biomass burning events. Seasonal cycles show the expected pattern with maxima in spring and minima in late autumn. The mean hydrogen mole fraction in baseline northern hemispheric air was found to be 500.1 ppb. Air transported from southerly latitudes showed an elevation from baseline mean of 11.0 ppb, reflecting both the latitudinal gradient of hydrogen, with higher concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere, and the photochemical source of hydrogen from low northern latitudes. European polluted air masses arriving at Mace Head showed mean elevation of 5.3 ppb from baseline air masses, reflecting hydrogen's source from primary emissions like fossil fuel combustion. Forward modelling of transport of hydrogen to Mace Head suggests that the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in primary emissions is considerably less in non-traffic sources than traffic sources.

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Section: Observed H 2 To Co Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 57%

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

et al. 2010

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“…Estimates range from ∼ 0.01 (Simmonds et al, 2000) to ∼ 0.07 (Seiler and Zankl, 1975). Other estimates are 0.025-0.032 (Barnes et al, 2003) and 0.026-0.043 (Vollmer et al, 2007). For this study we choose a mid-value of 0.03 and assume it remains constant over time.…”

Section: Emission Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a future H<sub>2</sub>-based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Vehicles burning fossil fuel emit a number of substances that change the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere, and contribute to global air and water pollution and climate change. For example, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion are key precursors to ground-level ozone and aerosol formation. In addition, on-road vehicles are major CO2 emitters. In order to tackle these problems, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proposed as an energy carrier to substitute for fossil fuels in the future. However, before implementing any such strategy it is crucial to evaluate its potential impacts on air quality and climate. Here, we evaluate the impact of a future (2050) H2-based road transportation sector on tropospheric chemistry and air quality for several possible growth and technology adoption scenarios. The growth scenarios are based on the high and low emissions Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, A1FI and B1, respectively. The technological adoption scenarios include H2 fuel cell and H2 internal combustion engine options. The impacts are evaluated with the Community Atmospheric Model Chemistry global chemistry transport model (CAM-Chem). Higher resolution simulations focusing on the contiguous United States are also carried out with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) regional chemistry transport model. For all scenarios future air quality improves with the adoption of a H2-based road transportation sector; however, the magnitude and type of improvement depend on the scenario. Model results show that the adoption of H2 fuel cells would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (7%), CO (14%), NOx (16%), soot (17%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (12%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (5%), CO (4%), NOx (11%), soot (7%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (9%) in the B1 scenario. The adoption of H2 internal combustion engines would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (1%), CO (18%), soot (17%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (1%), CO (7%), soot (7%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the B1 scenario. In the future, people residing in the contiguous United States could expect to experience significantly fewer days of elevated levels of pollution if a H2 fuel cell road transportation sector were to be adopted. Health benefits of transitioning to a H2 economy for citizens in developing nations, like China and India, will be much more dramatic, particularly in megacities with severe, intensifying air-quality problems.

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“…Details of the modifications to the original setup design can be found in Vollmer et al (2007). Chromatographic separation was achieved isothermally at 105 • C by means of Unibeads 1-S (1/8 OD, 80 cm) and Molecular Sieve 13-X (1/8 OD, 130 cm) columns.…”

Section: Gc/hgo-reduction Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-comparison of four different carbon monoxide measurement techniques and evaluation of the long-term carbon monoxide time series of Jungfraujoch

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Despite the importance of carbon monoxide (CO) for the overall oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, there is still considerable uncertainty in ambient measurements of CO. To address this issue, an inter-comparison between four different measurement techniques was made over a period of two months at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ), Switzerland. The measurement techniques were Nondispersive Infrared Absorption (NDIR), Vacuum UV Resonance Fluorescence (VURF), gas chromatographic separation with a mercuric oxide reduction detector (GC/HgO), and gas chromatographic separation followed by reduction on a nickel catalyst and analysis by a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The agreement among all techniques was better than 2% for one-hourly averages, which confirmed the suitability of the NDIR method for CO measurements even at remote sites. The inter-comparison added to the validation of the 12-year record (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) of continuous CO measurements at JFJ. To date this is one of the longest time series of continuous CO measurements in the free troposphere over Central Europe. This data record was further investigated with a focus on trend analysis. A significant negative trend was observed at JFJ showing a decrease of 21.4±0.3% over the investigated period, or an average annual decrease of 1.78%/yr (2.65±0.04 ppb/yr). These results were compared with emission inventory data reported to the Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) Convention. It could be shown that long range transport significantly influences the CO levels observed at JFJ, with air masses of non-European origin contributing at least one third of the observed mole fractions.

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Road vehicle emissions of molecular hydrogen (H2) from a tunnel study

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

Impact of a future H<sub>2</sub>-based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality

Inter-comparison of four different carbon monoxide measurement techniques and evaluation of the long-term carbon monoxide time series of Jungfraujoch

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Road vehicle emissions of molecular hydrogen (H2) from a tunnel study

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

A 15 year record of high-frequency, in situ measurements of hydrogen at Mace Head, Ireland

Impact of a future H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality

Inter-comparison of four different carbon monoxide measurement techniques and evaluation of the long-term carbon monoxide time series of Jungfraujoch

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Impact of a future H<sub>2</sub>-based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality