Roadmap on superoscillations

Berry, Michael; Zheludev, Nikolay I.; Aharonov, Yakir; Colombo, Fabrizio; Sabadini, Irene; Struppa, Daniele C.; Tollaksen, Jeff; Rogers, Edward T. F.; Qin, Fei; Hong, Minghui; Luo, Xiangang; Remez, Roei; Arie, Ady; Götte, Jörg B.; Dennis, Mark R.; Wong, Alex M. H.; Eleftheriades, George V.; Eliezer, Yaniv; Bahabad, Alon; Chen, Gang; Wen, Zhongquan; Liang, Gaofeng; Hao, Chenglong; Qiu, Cheng; Kempf, Achim; Katzav, Eytan; Schwartz, Moshe

doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ab0191

Cited by 163 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…We prove the practicality of imaging using a number of metamaterial lenses with different fields of view and effective NAs, demonstrating resolution close to the size of superoscillatory hotspot and beating the conventional "diffraction limit." Imaging of more complex objects like living cells or silicon photonic chips with superoscillatory lenses is practical [32,33]. Importantly, ultrathin superoscillatory metamaterial superlenses, which are capable of continuous amplitude and phase modulation, can be manufactured by well-established high-throughput nanomanufacturing processes such as high-resolution lithography and can be easily scalable to operate at any wavelength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-Field Superoscillatory Metamaterial Superlens

Yuan

Rogers

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Applied

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We demonstrate a metamaterial superlens: a planar array of discrete subwavelength metamolecules with individual scattering characteristics tailored to vary spatially to create subdiffraction superoscillatory focus of, in principle, arbitrary shape and size. Metamaterial free-space lenses with previously unattainable effective numerical apertures -as high as 1.52 -and foci as small as 0.33λ in size are demonstrated. Superresolution imaging with such lenses is experimentally verified breaking the conventional diffraction limit of resolution and exhibiting resolution close to the size of the focus. Our approach will enable far-field label-free super-resolution nonalgorithmic microscopies at harmless levels of intensity, including imaging inside cells, nanostructures, and silicon chips, without impregnating them with fluorescent materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-Field Superoscillatory Metamaterial Superlens

Yuan

Rogers

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Applied

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“…Since the recent proposal of the concept of superoscillation, [ 13,14 ] there has been growing interest in developing optical super‐resolution devices for far‐field operation without evanescent waves. [ 15,16 ] According to this concept, an arbitrary small point‐spread function (PSF) can be achieved by engineering the wave front of the incident wave through a properly designed amplitude‐phase mask. [ 17 ] This opens an alternative way toward far‐field optical super‐resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Numerical‐Aperture Dielectric Metalens for Super‐Resolution Focusing of Oblique Incident Light

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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the concept of superoscillation, [13,14] there has been growing interest in developing optical super-resolution devices for far-field operation without evanescent waves. [15,16] According to this concept, an arbitrary small point-spread function (PSF) can be achieved by engineering the wave front of the incident wave through a properly designed amplitude-phase mask. [17] This opens an alternative way toward far-field optical super-resolution. In the past several years, various types of superoscillatory lenses have been demonstrated, including linear-focusing lenses, [18,19] spot-focusing lenses, [20,21] long-depth-of-focusing lenses, [22][23][24] and vector wave superoscillatory lenses. [25][26][27][28][29][30] So far, the smallest PSF that has ever been experimentally demonstrated has a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) value of 0.33λ, [31] where λ is the working wavelength. Due to their comparative large sidelobes, those super-resolution lenses are not suitable for direct imaging. In most traditional optical imaging systems, super-resolution PSF usually leads to relatively large sidelobes, which carry a decent amount of energy and might restrict further improvement in the spatial resolution. However, in a confocal microscope, the sidelobes of a super-resolution illumination lens can be effectively suppressed by a conventional optical objective lens, because the PSF of the entire confocal optical system is the product of the two PSFs of the illumination lens and the collection lens. [32] Although their focusing efficiency is only several percentages, super-resolution lenses have demonstrated promising potentials in the application Recently, developments in superoscillatory optical devices have allowed for label-free far-field optical super-resolution technology by allowing engineering of optical point-spread functions beyond the traditional Abbe diffraction limit. However, such superoscillatory optical devices are optimized for the normalincident operation, which inevitably leads to a comparatively slow imaging acquisition rate in the application of super-resolution microscopy. Here, a super-resolution metalens is demonstrated with a high numerical aperture that can focus oblique incident light into a hot spot with a size smaller than the diffraction limit at the visible wavelength. This super-resolution metalens has a numerical aperture of as large as 0.97, a focal length of 38.0 µm, a radius of 151.9 µm, and a field of view of 4° that enables super-resolution focusing on the focal plane at a wavelength of λ = 632.8 nm. In a 5.6λ × 5.6λ field of view on the focal plane, the size of the focal spot is smaller than 0.45λ, which is only 0.874 times the corresponding Abbe diffraction limit. The super-resolution metalens offers a promising way toward fast-scanning labelfree far-field super-resolution microscopy.

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“…The classical restriction on the resolution of focusing, caused by the diffractive nature of light and known as Abbe's diffraction limit, has historically been a strong constraint on the resolution of various optical systems. In recent years, however, it has been shown that light can be focused well below the diffraction limit in the far field by exploiting the phenomenon of superoscillation, where light oscillates faster than its highest Fourier component in a specific local region [1][2][3][4] . Optical superoscillations have been realized by means of spatial light modulators, optical eigenmode methods, metasurfaces, and binary lenses [5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Sub-wavelength Annular-slitassisted Superoscillatory Lens Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-wavelength annular-slit-assisted superoscillatory lens for longitudinally-polarized super-resolution focusing

Kim

Rogers

2020

Sci Rep

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A binary metallic superoscillatory lens assisted with annular subwavelength slits is proposed, which generates a longitudinally-polarized super-resolution focal point. The annular slits are designed to selectively transmit radially-polarized light. Simulations using the finite element method show a 0.24 λ focal spot with 21.8 dB of polarization purity and only 0.342 dB reduction in efficiency compared to a standard superoscillatory lens.

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Roadmap on superoscillations

Cited by 163 publications

References 118 publications

Far-Field Superoscillatory Metamaterial Superlens

Far-Field Superoscillatory Metamaterial Superlens

High‐Numerical‐Aperture Dielectric Metalens for Super‐Resolution Focusing of Oblique Incident Light

Sub-wavelength annular-slit-assisted superoscillatory lens for longitudinally-polarized super-resolution focusing

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