Roads and Barriers towards Social Investments: Comparing Labour Market and Family Policy Reforms in Europe and East Asia

Abstract

Across the OECD world, social investment policies are on the rise, which Hemerijck describes as a 'quiet paradigm revolution'. Whilst Nordic countries are typically considered the pioneers in social investment policies, we observe that latecomer countries of not only Europe but also East Asia have made considerable efforts to catch-up with Northern European frontrunners. The rise of social investment policies, especially the expansion of family policy presents an important dimension of the recent transformation of advanced welfare capitalism, which despite the prominence of retrenchment cannot be reduced to welfare state regress. However, we observe great cross-national variation in the speed and scope of family policy expansion. Unlike family policy, labour market policy did not experience a similar social investment turn, but is instead rather characterised by retrenchment with declining efforts to improve the employability of the unemployed and labour market outsiders. In this article, we examine the 'uneven' social investment turn in advanced welfare capitalism and argue that family and labour market policies, and their very different outcomes, are underpinned by very different political dynamics, rather than by 'a politics of social investment'. Not only comparing family and labour market policy but also comparing across countries within each policy domain, we analyse the roads and barriers towards greater social investments.

Child‐related family policies in East and Southeast Asia: An intra‐regional comparison

“…In particular, South Korea invested more in defamilialising policies than Japan or Taiwan did. Defamilialisation of the Korean welfare state and its implications were also noted by a number of scholars (Estévez‐Abe & Naldini, 2016; Fleckenstein & Lee, 2020; Lee, 2018; León et al, 2016; Saraceno, 2016).…”

The politics of disaggregated family policy: The role of party ideology and women's political representation in governments

“…Several studies suggest that political actors are decisive when studying family policy recalibration (e.g., Beramendi et al, 2015; Fleckenstein & Lee, 2020; Morgan, 2013). Thus, the composition of the government matters.…”

Bread or roses? Trade unions, female employment and the expansion of work-family policies

“…A consistent strand of literature puts political actors centre-stage in process of family policy recalibration (Beramendi et al ., 2015 ; Fleckenstein & Lee, 2020 ; Fleckenstein & Seeleib-Kaiser, 2011 ; Hemerijck, 2017 ; Morgan, 2013 ). Two main approaches can be distinguished.…”