Robert Harding Whittaker and the Individualistic Hypothesis

Nicolson, Malcolm

doi:10.1002/bes2.1220

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…That school was heavily quantitative and Gleasonian so that members sought continuous compositional change among “stands.” Contemporaneously, Robert Whittaker's descriptions of Smoky Mountain vegetation (Whittaker ) portrayed vegetation as continuously varying but nevertheless generalizable via easily and usefully perceived portrayals of vegetation types on landscapes. Whittaker's methods were cryptic (Nicolson ), but his end products made sense. Meanwhile, Clementsian devotees, mostly in the western United States, sought, mapped, and managed typal community units.…”

Section: A Focus On Vegetation (Plant Cover Species Composition and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While at Rutgers, we were aware of the current debates about the essential integration versus the singularity of communities, or of the overargued Clementsian–Gleasonian dichotomy (Keller and Golley , Nicolson ). Similar debates ensued on the nature of ecosystems.…”

Section: A Pragmatic Acceptance Of the World As We Perceive Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wisconsin plant ecology school under John Curtis was in full swing at this time (Curtis ) and received much discussion in our Tuesday‐night plant ecology seminars. Nicolson () has provided a very fine exposition of the conceptual debates of the time. Murray brought “Mac” (Robert) McIntosh to Rutgers for a seminar on the philosophy of the Wisconsin school.…”

Section: A Focus On Vegetation (Plant Cover Species Composition and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jean Langenheim's description of her experience as a student and friend of Prof. William H. Cooper (Langenheim ) stimulated me to consider my impressions and recollections of Murray F. Buell's research and graduate student mentoring program. Even more recently, Malcom Nicolson contributed a description of Robert H. Whittaker's role in the history of plant ecology (). These publications have enriched our understanding of how people and events have shaped ecology through its history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cowles–Cooper Tradition under Murray F. Buell: A Personal Retrospective

Reiners

2016

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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Section: A Focus On Vegetation (Plant Cover Species Composition and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Pragmatic Acceptance Of the World As We Perceive Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Focus On Vegetation (Plant Cover Species Composition and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cowles–Cooper Tradition under Murray F. Buell: A Personal Retrospective

Reiners

2016

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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“…Thus, the emergence and disappearance of a given plant community could be precisely estimated. In contrast to Clements's ideas, Gleason defended that each species had its own tolerance to given selection factors; thus, they responded to environmental stresses in particular ways (Nicholson, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Species Association in Arable Fields: Old Approach, New Application

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYWe aimed to assess the potential of the characterization of association among weed species as a tool to understand weed occurrence for further supporting long-term management programs. After a sequence of summer crops, which included irrigated rice and sorghum, the experimental area was submitted to subsoiling, limestone was applied, and ryegrass was planted in the winter season. Six months later, an ACCase-inhibitor herbicide was used to select only non-grassweed species. Field survey was carried out on 100 quadrats with 0.5-m width that were randomly sampled. Plant species were organized in 2 × 2 contingency tables. The results of the calculated chi-squares were compared to the respective tables, and results were presented as a paired chi-square matrix. The species–area curve was also obtained. The relative occurrence of species was determined by its frequency and presented as a wordcloud. The network analysis was obtained by using the Fruchterman–Reingold layout. The hypothesis of plant association aiming survival in arable fields was validated. The methodology of plant association based on the chi-square test was applicable to arable fields, where weed species (usually competitor plant types) occur in clusters. From a practical point of view, preference should be given to herbicides that are efficient on most species within a given cluster.

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