Robocasting of dense yttria-stabilized zirconia structures

Ceramic Robocasting: Recent Achievements, Potential, and Future Developments

“…a) Schematic diagram of the robocasting technique showing layer‐by‐layer deposition of ceramic colloidal suspension. Adapted with permission . Copyright 2017, Springer Nature.…”

“…The subsequent addition of PEI flocculant into the suspensions allows the formation of polyelectrolyte complex and controlled flocculation of PAA‐coated Al 2 O 3 particles to form concentrated Al 2 O 3 suspensions with suitable viscoelastic behavior and good fluidity at high shear stress suitable ceramic robocasting . In some cases, the flocculant is not required for further adjustment of polyelectrolyte ink's viscoelastic behavior . Based on current literature findings ( Table 1 ), there are at least three different ways of preparing suitable paste for robocasting, as highlighted in Figure b: (i) aqueous polyelectrolyte ink and polyelectrolyte complex ink through weak bridging flocculation (electrostatic or electrosteric stabilization), (ii) nonaqueous solvent based ink (steric stabilization), and (iii) aqueous hydrogel‐forming ink …”

“…In some cases, the flocculant is not required for further adjustment of polyelectrolyte ink's viscoelastic behavior . Based on current literature findings ( Table 1 ), there are at least three different ways of preparing suitable paste for robocasting, as highlighted in Figure b: (i) aqueous polyelectrolyte ink and polyelectrolyte complex ink through weak bridging flocculation (electrostatic or electrosteric stabilization), (ii) nonaqueous solvent based ink (steric stabilization), and (iii) aqueous hydrogel‐forming ink …”

“…Understanding the interaction of organic additives and ceramic powders is crucial to control the ceramic suspensions' rheological behavior. Regarding surface finishing, ceramic parts produced by robocasting indeed still suffer from the layer‐by‐layer deposition that intrinsically causes stair‐step finishing . This can be alleviated merely by the use of a finer nozzle, thinner layer height setting and proper equipment calibration, and high‐quality ceramic slurries to achieve high‐resolution printing …”

“…In general, advanced ceramic materials are categorized into (i) technical and (ii) functional ceramics. Several examples of technical ceramic materials include oxide‐based materials such as silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), stabilized zirconia (ZrO 2 ), toughened Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 , hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and nonoxide‐based materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), aluminum nitride (AlN) and boron carbide (B 4 C) . Functional ceramics, on the other hand, cover a broader range of materials that include ferroelectric titanate‐based materials (e.g., BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 ), magnetic ferrite‐based materials (e.g., NiFe 2 O 4 and BaFe 12 O 19 ), superconductor materials (YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 ), and other electroceramic materials .…”