rostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Australian men; about 19 508 cases were diagnosed in 2019. 1 Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and active surveillance. Survival rates for men with localised prostate cancer are similar with all options, but the side effects profiles differ markedly, including higher rates of urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction after surgery and of rectal bleeding after radiotherapy. 2,3 Population-based studies of patterns of care in Victoria and South Australia (2016) 4 and Victoria alone (2020) 5 have been published, but the only recent population-based study of factors associated with prostate cancer treatment types in New South Wales investigated the treatment of Aboriginal men. 6 Further, the factors that determine the type of treatment received by men with prostate cancer, and the consequent costs, have been subjects of controversy. 7,8 The aims of our study were therefore to describe the patterns of care for men in the NSW 45 and Up Study with prostate cancer, and to ascertain the factors associated with receiving different types of treatment.
MethodsA total of 267 153 NSW men and women aged 45 years or more were enrolled in the 45 and Up Study of the Sax Institute, Sydney, during January 2006 -December 2009. 9 The 45 and Up Study is a large cohort study of people aged 45 or more investigating exposures and outcomes of public health importance for older people. Prospective participants were randomly selected from the Services Australia (formerly the Australian Department of Human Services) enrolment database. Enrolled participants completed a postal baseline questionnaire comprising 58 questions about health, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics and consented to linkage of their data with administrative health datasets.
Data collection and linkageThe record linkage undertaken has been described previously. 10 The datasets linked to the 45 and Up Study baseline questionnaire data were:• Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) claims, to June 2016; • Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) claims, to June 2016; • the NSW Cancer Registry, to December 2013; • the NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC; public and private hospital inpatient services), to June 2016; and• the NSW Register of Births, Deaths and Marriages, for deaths to June 2016.