With the increasing popularity of laparoscopic surgery, the demand for better modes of laparoscopic surgery
also increases. The current laparoscopic surgery mode requires an assistant to hold and manipulate the endoscope
through commands from the surgeon. However, during lengthy surgery procedures, accurate and on‐time
adjustment of the camera cannot be guaranteed due to the fatigue and hand trembling of the camera assistant.
This article proposes a practical visual tracking method to achieve automated instrument localization and
endoscope maneuvering in robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery. Solutions concerning this approach, such
as, endoscope calibration, marker design, distortion correction, and endoscope manipulator design are described
in detail. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.