Robotic Industrialization

Abstract

In this volume, concepts, technologies, and developments in the field of building component manufacturing (BCM, outlined in Chapter 2) based on concrete, brickwork, wood, and steel materials, as well as building module manufacturing (outlined in Chapter 3) and large-scale prefabrication (LSP, outlined in Chapters 4 and 5) with the potential to deliver complex components and products, are introduced and discussed. BCM refers to the transformation of materials, parts and low-level components into higher level components through the use of highly mechanized, automated, or robot-supported industrial settings. The definitions of components share a common element; they are, more or less, a complex combination of individual preexisting basic elements, parts and/or lower level components. BCM should also be distinguished from the manufacturing of more complex modules (e.g., prefabricated bath modules) or units (products of LSP companies, e.g., prefabricated three-dimensional building sections as manufactured, for example, by Toyota Home and Sekisui Heim). For highly automated LSP, according to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM; see also Section 1.1) model, component manufacturers (BCM companies) represent Tier-1 or Tier-2 suppliers. Tier-1 suppliers deliver components directly to LSP companies such as Sekisui Heim, whereas Tier-2 suppliers would, for example, provide them to the suppliers of the bath or kitchen modules (building module manufacturers). For automated construction sites utilizing singe-task construction robots (STCRs, see Volume 3) or automated/robotic on-site factories (see Volume 4), low-and high-level components manufacturers (BCM, manufacturers of modules, LSP) again represent Tier-n suppliers. In automotive manufacturing, for example, the Smartville factory (Volume 1, Section 4.3.4) demonstrates that the delivery of well prefabricated, high-level components to the final integrator and assembly line considerably reduces task variability, the amount of necessary assembly operations, organizational complexity and lead times and increases significantly the possibility to automate. Well-designed basic elements/parts/components are able to foster the creation of a structured environment (SE) in the receiving value added step. Therefore, as outlined in Volume 1, Section 6.3, in automated/robotic construction the whole value chain has to be considered, as each value added step holds the potential for prestructuring and simplification of processes (major success factor for efficient automation/use of robotic technology) 1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

A Conceptual Design of an Integrated Façade System to Reduce Embodied Energy in Residential Buildings

“…Dwellings can be erected on the building site, commonly known as on-site construction, while parts, or even whole systems, of a dwelling, can be produced and assembled at an off-site factory, away from the project, before being shipped on-site for final assembly, a method commonly referred to as off-site manufacturing. This is in line with the definition of OSM used as "components or complete products that are manufactured in a structured environment distant from the location where they are finally used" [12]. Off-site manufacturing can be described as a transition of major assembly and installation activities from the construction site to remote factories [13].…”

Towards Dynamic Vertical Urbanism

“…building sub-system manufacturing, such as kitchen modules, bathroom units, assistance modules, etc. ), and high-level complete, prefabricated buildings [24,25]. In the novel vertical city approach, all main parts and components of the building will be prefabricated in factory while complying with Open Building concepts, in order to achieve flexibility and sustainability throughout the lifecycle of the vertical city.…”

A Didactic Pedagogical Approach toward Sustainable Architectural Education through Robotic Tectonics

“…As a response to the current demands of industry and architectural logic, the way buildings are designed, built, and operated needs to change [31]. The relationship between architects and robotic technology seems to raise challenges that have triggered a cultural shift in architectural pedagogy to encourage adaption to the building industry's demands [32].…”