“…At present, most of the existing literature associated with waxing automation lies in patent reports [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and there are few technical articles that provide data reference. Thus, we based our design on existing robotic systems developed to perform motions similar to those used in waxing, such as grinding [ 6 ], deburring [ 7 , 8 ], and polishing [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The objective of those engineering applications was not to alter the geometric shape of the workpiece, but rather to adjust the surface roughness to within set standards.…”