Polyoxometalates (POMs), a kind of molecular metal oxide cluster with unique physical‐chemical properties, have made essential contributions to creating efficient and robust electrocatalysts in renewable energy systems. Due to the fundamental advantages of POMs, such as the diversity of molecular structures and large numbers of redox active sites, numerous efforts have been devoted to extending their application areas. Up to now, various strategies of assembling POM molecules into superstructures, supporting POMs on heterogeneous substrates, and POMs‐derived metal compounds have been developed for synthesizing electrocatalysts. From a multidisciplinary perspective, we systematically summarize the latest advances in creating POM‐structured materials with a unique focus on their molecular fundamentals, electrocatalytic roles, and the recent breakthroughs of POMs and POM‐derived electrocatalysts. Notably, we focus on exposing the current states, essences, and mechanisms of how POM‐structured materials influence their electrocatalytic activities and disclose the critical requirements for future developments. The future challenges, objectives, comparisons, and perspectives for creating POM‐structured materials have also been systematically discussed. We anticipate that this review will offer a substantial impact on stimulating interdisciplinary efforts for the prosperities and widespread utilizations of POM‐structured materials in electrocatalysis.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved