Robotic urologic surgery using the KangDuo-Surgical Robot-01 system: A single-center prospective analysis

Abstract

Background: The KangDuo-Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system is a new surgical robot recently developed in China. The aim of this study was to present our single-center experience and mid-term outcomes of urological procedures using the KD-SR-01 system. Methods: From August 2020 to April 2023, consecutive urologic procedures were performed at Peking University First Hospital using the KD-SR-01 system. The clinical features, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were prospectively collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 110 consecutive patients were recruited. Among these patients, 28 underwent partial nephrectomy (PN), 41 underwent urinary tract reconstruction (26 underwent pyeloplasty, 3 underwent ureteral reconstruction and 12 underwent ureterovesical reimplantation [UR]), and 41 underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). The median operative time for PN was 112.5 min, 157.0 min for pyeloplasty, 151.0 min for ureteral reconstruction, 142.5 min for UR, and 138.0 min for RP. The median intraoperative blood loss was 10 mL for PN, 10 mL for pyeloplasty, 30 mL for ureteral reconstruction, 20 mL for UR, and 50 mL for RP. All procedures were successfully completed without conversion, and there were no major complications in any patient. The median warm ischemia time of PN was 17.3 min, and positive surgical margin was not noted in any patient. The overall positive surgical margin rate of RP was 39% (16/41), and no biochemical recurrence was observed in any RP patient during the median follow-up of 11.0 months. The surgical success rates of pyeloplasty and UR were 96% (25/26) and 92% (11/12) during the median follow-up of 29.5 months and 11.5 months, respectively. Conclusion: The KD-SR-01 system appears feasible, safe, and effective for most urological procedures, based on our single-center experience.

Evaluation of Clinical Research on Novel Multiport Robotic Platforms for Urological Surgery According to the IDEAL Framework: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…The remaining 59 studies included in our systematic review were noncomparative surgical series or case reports [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] .…”

“…Eleven studies reporting clinical data on the KangDuo robot were included in our review [15] , [26] , [27] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] ( Table 4 ). The first clinical procedure with the KangDuo surgical robot was performed in China in 2021.…”

“…The largest explorative surgical series with the KangDuo robot was published in 2023 and included 28 RAPNs (17 transperitoneal and 11 retroperitoneal), 41 robotic urinary tract reconstructions (26 pyeloplasties, 3 ureteral reconstructions, and 12 ureteral reimplantations), and 41 RARPs [64] . Finally, the KangDuo robot was also assessed in a developmental study (stage 2a) involving 23 patients who underwent adrenalectomy [65] .…”

Evaluation of a newly developed oral and maxillofacial surgical robotic platform (KD-SR-01) in head and neck surgery: a preclinical trial in porcine models

“…In the field of urology, KD-SR-assisted radical prostatectomy showed no biochemical recurrence over an 11-month follow-up period, and the surgical success rates for pyeloplasty and ureterovesical reimplantation were 96% and 92%, respectively, over follow-up periods of 29.5 and 11.5 months. 24 In the field of abdominal, the efficacy and safety of KD-SR-01 for colon cancer have been proven to be on par with the da Vinci robotic system. 25 However, given the complexities of the head and neck region, the feasibility and safety of the KD-SR remain unproven.…”

Urological surgical robots in China: state of the art and future prospects

“…The robotic surgical system, epitomized by the da Vinci system, has seen a widespread application in urology, boasting advantages such as enhanced laparoscopic capabilities and minimal invasiveness. In China, the adoption of robotic surgery in urology has been propelled by the development of domestic robotic systems like the KangDuo Surgical Robot-01 system, which has demonstrated feasibility, safety, and efficacy across a range of urological procedures, from partial nephrectomy to radical prostatectomy 3 . Besides, Wang et al .…”