Robots, AI, and Cognitive Training in an Era of Mass Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review

Vogan, Alistair A.; Alnajjar, Fady; Gochoo, Munkhjargal; Khalid, Sumayya

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966819

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…In addition, more robust safety features should be incorporated in such technologies to achieve a complete smart home solution. Inclusion of entertainment and gaming [91], social companionship [92], and constant support and assurance can help improve the usability and acceptability of the systems, especially among the elderly, especially for those who live independently, as they will be able to keep themselves busy through these features and not feel depressed.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Privacy-Preserved Aging in Place: A Systematic Review

Gochoo

Alnajjar

Tan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Owing to progressive population aging, elderly people (aged 65 and above) face challenges in carrying out activities of daily living, while placement of the elderly in a care facility is expensive and mentally taxing for them. Thus, there is a need to develop their own homes into smart homes using new technologies. However, this raises concerns of privacy and data security for users since it can be handled remotely. Hence, with advancing technologies it is important to overcome this challenge using privacy-preserving and non-intrusive models. For this review, 235 articles were scanned from databases, out of which 31 articles pertaining to in-home technologies that assist the elderly in living independently were shortlisted for inclusion. They described the adoption of various methodologies like different sensor-based mechanisms, wearables, camera-based techniques, robots, and machine learning strategies to provide a safe and comfortable environment to the elderly. Recent innovations have rendered these technologies more unobtrusive and privacy-preserving with increasing use of environmental sensors and less use of cameras and other devices that may compromise the privacy of individuals. There is a need to develop a comprehensive system for smart homes which ensures patient safety, privacy, and data security; in addition, robots should be integrated with the existing sensor-based platforms to assist in carrying out daily activities and therapies as required.

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Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Privacy-Preserved Aging in Place: A Systematic Review

Gochoo

Alnajjar

Tan

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Socially assistive robots are well-documented for promise to support ageing and dementia (see [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] for recent reviews). A range of intelligent social robotic platforms from mechanically complex [18,19], mobile [20,21], embodied humanoid SAR [22,23], to pet-like robots [24,25], simpler virtual assistants [26], and commercial smart home speakers (e.g., Amazon Echo, Google Home) have been introduced with strong potential to address the aforementioned needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the success of SAR and spoken dialogue systems in their respective research fields, integration of the two is still rare, especially when applied to older adults and PwD. While other surveys have assessed assistive robotic technology and automation for ageing and dementia support [11,12,17,33,42], including a 2020 survey on home-based healthcare robots to provide cognitive support to seniors [43], we are not aware of a review specifically targeting the depth of the field in relation to conversational capacity, multimodal affective communication and user engagement. We believe recent proliferation as well as long-standing acceptance of need makes a focused review timely and necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversational Affective Social Robots for Ageing and Dementia Support

Lima

Wairagkar

Gupta³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst.

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Socially assistive robots (SAR) hold significant potential to assist older adults and people with dementia in human engagement and clinical contexts by supporting mental health and independence at home. While SAR research has recently experienced prolific growth, long-term trust, clinical translation and patient benefit remain immature. Affective human-robot interactions are unresolved and the deployment of robots with conversational abilities is fundamental for robustness and humanrobot engagement. In this paper, we review the state of the art within the past two decades, design trends, and current applications of conversational affective SAR for ageing and dementia support. A horizon scanning of AI voice technology for healthcare, including ubiquitous smart speakers, is further introduced to address current gaps inhibiting home use. We discuss the role of user-centred approaches in the design of voice systems, including the capacity to handle communication breakdowns for effective use by target populations. We summarise the state of development in interactions using speech and natural language processing, which forms a baseline for longitudinal health monitoring and cognitive assessment. Drawing from this foundation, we identify open challenges and propose future directions to advance conversational affective social robots for: 1) user engagement, 2) deployment in real-world settings, and 3) clinical translation.

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“…Understanding which intervention components are useful and how to improve cost-effectiveness is a key challenge [ 7 ]. Rapid development of advanced technologies and artificial intelligence will likely play a key role in future delivery of cognitive training in a way that is immersive and highly engaging for users, allowing adaptive personalisation and gamification [ 24 – 26 ]. In the meantime, comparatively ‘low-tech’ digital solutions may offer a cost-effective means of delivering cognitive training alongside other behaviour change intervention components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning and optimising a digital intervention to protect older adults’ cognitive health

Essery

Pollet

Smith

et al. 2021

Pilot Feasibility Stud

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Background By 2050, worldwide dementia prevalence is expected to triple. Affordable, scalable interventions are required to support protective behaviours such as physical activity, cognitive training and healthy eating. This paper outlines the theory-, evidence- and person-based development of ‘Active Brains’: a multi-domain digital behaviour change intervention to reduce cognitive decline amongst older adults. Methods During the initial planning phase, scoping reviews, consultation with PPI contributors and expert co-investigators and behavioural analysis collated and recorded evidence that was triangulated to inform provisional ‘guiding principles’ and an intervention logic model. The following optimisation phase involved qualitative think aloud and semi-structured interviews with 52 older adults with higher and lower cognitive performance scores. Data were analysed thematically and informed changes and additions to guiding principles, the behavioural analysis and the logic model which, in turn, informed changes to intervention content. Results Scoping reviews and qualitative interviews suggested that the same intervention content may be suitable for individuals with higher and lower cognitive performance. Qualitative findings revealed that maintaining independence and enjoyment motivated engagement in intervention-targeted behaviours, whereas managing ill health was a potential barrier. Social support for engaging in such activities could provide motivation, but was not desirable for all. These findings informed development of intervention content and functionality that appeared highly acceptable amongst a sample of target users. Conclusions A digitally delivered intervention with minimal support appears acceptable and potentially engaging to older adults with higher and lower levels of cognitive performance. As well as informing our own intervention development, insights obtained through this process may be useful for others working with, and developing interventions for, older adults and/or those with cognitive impairment.

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Robots, AI, and Cognitive Training in an Era of Mass Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Towards Privacy-Preserved Aging in Place: A Systematic Review

Towards Privacy-Preserved Aging in Place: A Systematic Review

Conversational Affective Social Robots for Ageing and Dementia Support

Planning and optimising a digital intervention to protect older adults’ cognitive health

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