Robots in Radiation Environments

Beugelsdijk, Tony J.; Knobeloch, D.W.

doi:10.1080/01483918608074170

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…At our laboratory, we have been able to achieve a concentration factor of 1000 and recoveries greater than 80% for pesticides [1] and tributyltin chloride [2] present at 0.1 ng/mL in water volumes of 100 mL. These results were obtained using 0.1 mL or less of ethylacetate to elute small cartridges containing 100 mg of C-18 bonded porous silica.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The recovery results from a previous study [1] and new results for some additional herbicides and insecticides are given in table 1.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these same samples require only 10 to 15 minutes with microwave digestions, dramatically reducing preparation times. Volatile elements such as selenium, phosphorus, tellurium, and vanadium can be retained quantitatively in a sealed vessel using microwave decomposition prior to instrumental analysis [1]. The technique has been tested on all the major sample types including biological, botanical, geological, alloy, and glassy samples and has demonstrated advantages for each of these sample groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave acid sample decomposition for elemental analysis

Kingston¹,

Jassie²

1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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resistant version of the standard Zymark arm was chosen for this project. A special problem was posed, however, in the handling of these solutions in the volumes required (10-300 mL) without contaminating the delivery devices. A solution was found through the use of peristaltic pumps and three-way pinch valves. These components were assembled into a pump station controlled by digital signals from Zymark's Power and Event Controller [4]. Between test firings, the tygon tubing is replaced to avoid cross-contamination. In addition, the master solutions are shielded in a lead brick lined enclosure-the robot workcell is itself not enclosed.The system that required the most extensive modification is currently enclosed in a stainless steel glovebox [5]. This application called for the transfer of samples of Pu-238 oxides into and out of calorimeters for measurement of their heat output. Pu-238 is an intense alpha emitter and, as an oxide, the particulate acquires a charge. These charged particles are very mobile, quickly contaminate any space, and even migrate into conductors shorting them eventually. All drive electronics were removed from the Zymark robot base and wrist, coatings were removed, and all plastic components were replaced with metal. The only components remaining with the robot arm are the servo motors and feedback potentiometers. Remoted electronics were placed in a separate housing and cabled to through the wall of the glovebox using special hermetically sealed feedthrough connectors.Our experience with radiation environments, gloveboxes, and existing laboratories have led us to begin design of our own robotic arm. The system will be of a gantry geometry and be modular in the x and y dimensions in increments of 6 inches. This will allow us to size the robot to the existing work space and the intended application. The z-axis will be telescoping in on itself to limit the overall height of the robot. The gantry design permits maximum use of the bench space or glovebox floor for modules, while the robot itself uses previously unused space overhead. Laboratory remodelling costs will thus be circumvented. Additional specifications have been reviewed by many researchers and address such areas as material compatibility, precision, controller architecture, tool changing, etc. The arm will be compatible with other commercially available laboratory robotic modules (i.e., syringe stations, balances, centrifuges, etc.). We anticipate having prototypes available within 2 years.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The recovery results from a previous study [1] and new results for some additional herbicides and insecticides are given in table 1.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave acid sample decomposition for elemental analysis

Kingston¹,

Jassie²

1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…Problems associated with radiation have their origins in the types of radiation encountered [ 1 ]. By far the most common are alpha and beta emitting sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory robotics in radiation environments

Beugelsdijk¹,

Knobeloch²

1988

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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systems, modify analytical procedures within established limits in order to restore analytical capability and, therefore, maintain productivity [2]. This paper, while reviewing progress in the introduction of robotics in the laboratory, will also illustrate the inclusion of various elements that are beyond the routine sample preparation operation in nature and which includes optimization of analytical conditions and referral to residing experts systems for decisions related to the next best test to perform [3]. It is true that 99% of current robot installations perform routine tasks which could be easily described by decision trees or flow programming. It is also true that robotic installations of the future, or broadly defined as simply the mass-moving component of current robotic systems, will make decisions based on intelligence bases which will involve an almost cybernetic or "clever" decision basis. Attempts to extrapolate current capability into future capability will be made.

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Robotics and Automation in Radiochemical Analysis

Beugelsdijk

Hollen

1998

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

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Robots in Radiation Environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Microwave acid sample decomposition for elemental analysis

Microwave acid sample decomposition for elemental analysis

Laboratory robotics in radiation environments

Robotics and Automation in Radiochemical Analysis

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