Robotype: Studies of Kinetic Typography by Robot Display for Expressing Letters, Time and Movement

Abstract

Humans use letters, which are two-dimensional static symbols, for communication. Writing these letters requires body movement as well as spending a certain amount of time; therefore, it can be demonstrated that a letter is a trajectory of movement and time. Based on this notion, the author conducted studies regarding multidimensional kinetic typography, primarily using robots to display a letter and visualize its time and movement simultaneously. This paper describes the project background and design of the three types of robotic displays that were developed and discusses possible expressions using robotic displays.

Data to Physicalization: A Survey of the Physical Rendering Process

“…3D printing) manufacturing (see Section 5.3 for more details about fabrication processes), and simulation of mechanical properties and static of the model through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). NURBS provided in Rhinoceros ® , AKA Rhino ® , has been used to physicalize various models (e.g., [TACS16,Kat18,HV16]).…”

“…It is also possible to make a 3D shape by attaching several NURBS patches or generate a 3D surface from a profile curve using techniques such as the surface of revolution or sweep surfaces (see Figure 9). Due to these powerful features, NURBS is very popular in physicalization [TACS16,Kat18,HV16].…”

“…In other examples, some parts of a physicalization are made with one tool and some parts through another method, based on the specs and limitations of each fabrication technique. Examples of such hybrid works are laser cutting (or waterjet cutting) and 3D printing (e.g., [Kat18,Kan17,AS16]), CNC and 3D printing (e.g., [TACS16]), CNC and laser cutting (e.g., [YOC * 15]), 3D printing, laser cutting, and digital embroidery for making personalized shoes [NTWVD19], and printing, 2D cutting, and folding for papercraft fabrication (e.g., [SWR20, RGW20]).…”

Data to Physicalization: A Survey of the Physical Rendering Process

“…Examples of such software programs are Maya [Fou21], 3D Studio Max [Aut21a], Blender [Aut21b], and Rhino [Ass21]. For instance, NURBS provided in Rhinoceros®, AKA Rhino, has been used to physicalize various models (e.g., [TACS16, Kat18,HV16]). We refer to such modelling as CAD in our taxonomy (see Table 3 and Table 4).…”

“…In other examples, some parts of a physicalization are made with one tool and some parts through another method, based on the specs and limitations of each fabrication technique. Examples of such hybrid works are laser cutting (or waterjet cutting) and 3D printing (e.g., [Kat18,Kan17,AS16]), CNC and 3D printing (e.g., [TACS16]), CNC and laser cutting (e.g., [YOC * 15]), and 3D printing, laser cutting, and digital embroidery for making personalized shoes [NTWVD19].…”