This paper proposes an adaptive robust finite-time control method based on a global sliding surface for the synchronization of a class of chaotic systems. New chattering-free control laws are designed to guarantee the removal of the reaching mode and realize the existence of the sliding mode around the designed surface right from the first moment. The proposed adaptive-tuning controllers eliminate the requirement of knowledge about disturbance bounds. Using the suggested control technique, superior master–slave synchronization is achieved, the chattering problem is fully solved, and the amplitudes of the control signals are noticeably decreased. Demonstrative simulation results for a Lü chaotic system are presented to indicate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed scheme. In the end, using a state-feedback controller, we obtain a four-dimensional system with two interesting features. First, some hyperchaotic solutions are proposed, and then a continuous bifurcation diagram showing chaos for a wide range of bifurcation parameter is presented.